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package Web::NewsAPI; |
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our $VERSION = '0.002'; |
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1
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1
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4946
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use v5.10; |
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1
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1
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586
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use Moose; |
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453446
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1
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8655
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use Readonly; |
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4183
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1
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58
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use LWP; |
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1
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747
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use JSON; |
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9087
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1
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use Carp; |
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536
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use DateTime::Format::ISO8601::Format; |
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650
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1
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1
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use Scalar::Util qw(blessed); |
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use Web::NewsAPI::Result; |
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641
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use Web::NewsAPI::Source; |
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1
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834
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Readonly my $API_BASE_URL => 'https://newsapi.org/v2/'; |
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has 'ua' => ( |
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isa => 'LWP::UserAgent', |
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is => 'ro', |
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lazy_build => 1, |
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); |
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has 'api_key' => ( |
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required => 1, |
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is => 'ro', |
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isa => 'Str', |
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); |
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32
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sub top_headlines { |
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3
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1
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3657
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my ($self, %args) = @_; |
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35
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# Collapse the source-param into a comma-separated string, |
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# if it's an array. |
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3
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$self->_collapse_list( 'source', \%args ); |
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39
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3
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return $self->_make_article_set( 'top-headlines', \%args ); |
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} |
41
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42
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sub everything { |
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2
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2
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1
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2370
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my ($self, %args) = @_; |
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45
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# Collapse each source/domain-param into a comma-separated string, |
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# if it's an array. |
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2
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6
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for my $param (qw(source domains excludeDomains) ) { |
48
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6
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16
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$self->_collapse_list( $param, \%args ); |
49
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} |
50
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51
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# Convert time-params into ISO 8601 strings, if they are DateTime |
52
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# objects. (And throw an exception if they're something weird.) |
53
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2
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15
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my $dt_formatter = DateTime::Format::ISO8601::Format->new; |
54
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2
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32
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for my $param (qw(to from)) { |
55
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4
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100
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66
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71
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if ( $args{$param} && ( blessed $args{$param} ) ) { |
56
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1
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50
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92
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if ($args{$param}->isa('DateTime')) { |
57
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$args{$param} = |
58
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$dt_formatter->format_datetime( |
59
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1
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9
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$args{$param} |
60
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); |
61
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} |
62
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else { |
63
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0
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0
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croak "The '$param' parameter of the 'everything' " |
64
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. "method must be either a DateTime object or an ISO 8601-" |
65
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. "formatted time-string. (Got: $args{$param}"; |
66
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} |
67
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} |
68
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} |
69
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70
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2
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107
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return $self->_make_article_set( 'everything', \%args ); |
71
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72
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} |
73
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74
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sub _make_article_set { |
75
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5
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5
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11
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my ($self, $endpoint, $args) = @_; |
76
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77
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my $article_set = Web::NewsAPI::Result->new( |
78
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newsapi => $self, |
79
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api_endpoint => $endpoint, |
80
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api_args => $args, |
81
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page => $args->{page} || 1, |
82
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5
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50
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58
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page_size => $args->{pageSize} || 20, |
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50
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83
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); |
84
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85
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5
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100
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45
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if (wantarray) { |
86
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1
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4
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return $article_set->articles; |
87
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} |
88
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else { |
89
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4
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21
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return $article_set; |
90
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} |
91
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} |
92
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93
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sub _collapse_list { |
94
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9
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9
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45
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my ($self, $param, $args) = @_; |
95
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9
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100
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66
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44
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if ( $args->{$param} && ( ref $args->{$param} eq 'ARRAY' ) ) { |
96
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1
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2
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$args->{$param} = join q{,}, @{$args->{$param}}; |
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1
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5
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97
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} |
98
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} |
99
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100
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sub sources { |
101
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1
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1
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1
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1004
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my ($self, %args) = @_; |
102
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103
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1
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3
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my @sources; |
104
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1
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5
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my ($source_data_list) = $self->_request( 'sources', 'sources', %args ); |
105
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1
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4
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for my $source_data ( @$source_data_list ) { |
106
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5
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4784
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push @sources, Web::NewsAPI::Source->new( $source_data ); |
107
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} |
108
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109
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1
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1771
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return @sources; |
110
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} |
111
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112
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sub _build_ua { |
113
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0
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0
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0
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my $self = shift; |
114
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115
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0
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0
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my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new; |
116
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0
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0
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$ua->default_header( |
117
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'X-Api-Key' => $self->api_key, |
118
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); |
119
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120
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0
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0
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return $ua; |
121
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} |
122
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123
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sub _request { |
124
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6
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6
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14
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my $self = shift; |
125
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6
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22
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my ($endpoint, $container, %args) = @_; |
126
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127
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6
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30
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my $uri = URI->new( $API_BASE_URL . $endpoint ); |
128
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6
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8767
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$uri->query( $uri->query_form( \%args ) ); |
129
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130
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6
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949
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my $response = $self->ua->get( $uri ); |
131
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6
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100
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10103
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if ($response->is_success) { |
132
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5
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44
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my $data_ref = decode_json( $response->content ); |
133
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5
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233
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return ($data_ref->{$container}, $data_ref->{totalResults}); |
134
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} |
135
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else { |
136
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1
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14
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my $code = $response->code; |
137
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1
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12
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die "News API responded with an error ($code): " . $response->content; |
138
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} |
139
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} |
140
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141
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1; |
142
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143
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=head1 NAME |
144
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145
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Web::NewsAPI - Fetch and search news headlines and sources from News API |
146
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147
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
148
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149
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use Web::NewsAPI; |
150
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use v5.10; |
151
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152
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# To use this module, you need to get a free API key from |
153
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# https://newsapi.org. (The following is a bogus example key that will |
154
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# not actually work. Try it with your own key instead!) |
155
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my $api_key = 'deadbeef1234567890f001f001deadbeef'; |
156
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157
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my $newsapi = Web::NewsAPI->new( |
158
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api_key => $api_key, |
159
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); |
160
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161
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say "Here are the top ten headlines from American news sources..."; |
162
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# This will be a Web::NewsAPI::Results object. |
163
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my $result = $newsapi->top_headlines( country => 'us', pageSize => 10 ); |
164
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for my $article ( $result->articles ) { |
165
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# Each is a Web::NewsAPI::Article object. |
166
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say $article->title; |
167
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} |
168
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169
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say "Here are the top ten headlines worldwide containing 'chicken'..."; |
170
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my $chicken_heds = $newsapi->everything( q => 'chicken', pageSize => 10 ); |
171
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for my $article ( $chicken_heds->articles ) { |
172
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# Each is a Web::NewsAPI::Article object. |
173
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say $article->title; |
174
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} |
175
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say "The total number of chicken-flavor articles returned: " |
176
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. $chicken_heds->total_results; |
177
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178
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179
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say "Here are some sources for English-language technology news..."; |
180
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my @sources = $newsapi->sources( |
181
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category => 'technology', |
182
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language => 'en' |
183
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); |
184
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for my $source ( @sources ) { |
185
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# Each is a Web::NewsAPI::Source object. |
186
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say $source->name; |
187
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} |
188
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189
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|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
190
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191
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This module provides a simple, object-oriented interface to L<the News |
192
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API|https://newsapi.org>, version 2. It supports that API's three public |
193
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endpoints, allowing your code to fetch and search current news headlines |
194
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and sources. |
195
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196
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|
=head1 METHODS |
197
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198
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=head2 Class Methods |
199
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200
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=head3 new |
201
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202
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my $newsapi = Web::NewsAPI->new( api_key => $your_api_key ); |
203
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204
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Object constructor. Takes a hash as an argument, whose only recognized |
205
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key is C<api_key>. This must be set to a valid News API key. You can |
206
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fetch a key for yourself by registering a free account with News API |
207
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L<at its website|https://newsapi.org>. |
208
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209
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Note that the validity of the API key you provide isn't checked until |
210
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this object (or one of its derivative objects) tries to send a query to |
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News API. |
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=head2 Object Methods |
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Each of these methods will attempt to call News API using the API key |
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you provided during construction. If the call fails, then this module |
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will throw an exception, sharing the error code and message passed back |
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from News API. |
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=head3 everything |
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# Call in scalar context to get a result object. |
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my $chicken_result-> = $newsapi->everything( q => 'chickens' ); |
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# Or call in array context to just get one page of articles. |
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my @chicken_stories = $newsapi->everything( q => 'chickens' ); |
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In scalar context, returns a L<Web::NewsAPI::Result> object representing |
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news articles matching the query parameters you provide. In array |
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context, it returns one page-worth of L<Web::NewsAPI::Article> objects |
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(equivalent to calling L<Web::NewsAPI::Result/"articles"> on the result |
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object, and then discarding it). |
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In either case, the argument hash must contain I<at least one> of the |
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following keys: |
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=over |
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=item q |
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Keywords or phrases to search for. |
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See L<the News API docs|https://newsapi.org/docs/endpoints/everything> |
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for a complete description of what's allowed here. |
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=item sources |
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I<Either> a comma-separated string I<or> an array reference of News API |
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news source ID strings to limit results from. |
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See L<the News API sources index|https://newsapi.org/sources> for a list |
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of valid source IDs. |
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=item domains |
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I<Either> a comma-separated string I<or> an array reference of domains |
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(e.g. "bbc.co.uk, techcrunch.com, engadget.com") to limit results from. |
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=back |
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You may also provide any of these optional keys: |
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=over |
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=item excludeDomains |
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I<Either> a comma-separated string I<or> an array reference of domains |
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(e.g. "bbc.co.uk, techcrunch.com, engadget.com") to remove from the |
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results. |
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=item from |
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I<Either> an ISO 8601-formatted date-time string I<or> a L<DateTime> |
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object representing the timestamp of the oldest article allowed. |
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=item to |
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I<Either> an ISO 8601-formatted date-time string I<or> a L<DateTime> |
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object representing the timestamp of the most recent article allowed. |
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=item language |
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The 2-letter ISO-639-1 code of the language you want to get headlines |
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for. Possible options include C<ar>, C<de>, C<en>, C<es>, C<fr>, C<he>, |
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C<it>, C<nl>, C<no>, C<pt>, C<ru>, C<se>, C<ud>, and C<zh>. |
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=item sortBy |
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The order to sort the articles in. Possible options: C<relevancy>, |
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C<popularity>, C<publishedAt>. (Default: C<publishedAt>) |
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=item pageSize |
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The number of results to return per page. 20 is the default, 100 is the |
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maximum. |
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=item page |
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Which page of results to return. The default is 1. |
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=back |
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=head3 top_headlines |
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# Call in scalar context to get a result object. |
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my $top_us_headlines = $newsapi->top_headlines( country => 'us' ); |
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# Or call in array context to just get one page of articles. |
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my @top_us_headlines = $newsapi->top_headlines( country => 'us' ); |
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Like L<"everything">, but limits results only to the latest articles, |
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sorted by recency. (Note that this arguments are a little different, as |
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well.) |
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In scalar context, returns a L<Web::NewsAPI::Result> object representing |
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news articles matching the query parameters you provide. In array |
317
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context, it returns one page-worth of L<Web::NewsAPI::Article> objects |
318
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(equivalent to calling L<Web::NewsAPI::Result/"articles"> on the result |
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object, and then discarding it). |
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321
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In either case, the argument hash must contain I<at least one> of the |
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following keys: |
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=over |
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=item country |
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Limit returned headlines to a single country, expressed as a 2-letter |
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ISO 3166-1 code. (See L<the News API |
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documentation|https://newsapi.org/docs/endpoints/top-headlines> for a |
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full list of country codes it supports.) |
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News API will return an error if you mix this with C<sources>. |
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=item category |
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Limit returned headlines to a single category. Possible options include |
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C<business>, C<entertainment>, C<general>, C<health>, C<science>, |
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C<sports>, and C<technology>. |
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News API will return an error if you mix this with C<sources>. |
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=item sources |
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I<Either> a comma-separated string I<or> an array reference of News API |
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news source ID strings to limit results from. |
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See L<the News API sources index|https://newsapi.org/sources> for a list |
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of valid source IDs. |
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News API will return an error if you mix this with C<country> or |
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C<category>. |
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=item q |
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356
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Keywords or a phrase to search for. |
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=back |
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360
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You may also provide either of these optional keys: |
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=over |
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=item pageSize |
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366
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The number of results to return per page (request). 20 is the default, |
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100 is the maximum. |
368
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=item page |
370
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371
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Use this to page through the results if the total results found is |
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greater than the page size. |
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374
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=back |
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=head3 sources |
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378
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my @sources = $newsapi->sources( language => 'en' ); |
379
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380
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Returns a number of L<Web::NewsAPI::Source> objects reprsenting News |
381
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API's news sources. |
382
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383
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You may provide any of these optional parameters: |
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385
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=over |
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387
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=item category |
388
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Limit sources to a single category. Possible options include |
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C<business>, C<entertainment>, C<general>, C<health>, C<science>, |
391
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C<sports>, and C<technology>. |
392
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=item country |
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Limit sources to a single country, expressed as a 2-letter ISO 3166-1 |
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code. (See L<the News API |
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documentation|https://newsapi.org/docs/endpoints/sources> for a full |
398
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list of country codes it supports.) |
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400
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=item language |
401
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402
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Limit sources to a single language. Possible options include C<ar>, |
403
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C<de>, C<en>, C<es>, C<fr>, C<he>, C<it>, C<nl>, C<no>, C<pt>, C<ru>, |
404
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C<se>, C<ud>, and C<zh>. |
405
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406
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=back |
407
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408
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=head1 NOTES AND BUGS |
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410
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This is this module's first release (or nearly so). It works for the |
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author's own use-cases, but it's probably buggy beyond that. Please |
412
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report issues at L<the module's GitHub |
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site|https://github.com/jmacdotorg/newsapi-perl>. Code and documentation |
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pull requests are very welcome! |
415
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416
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=head1 AUTHOR |
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Jason McIntosh (jmac@jmac.org) |
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=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
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This software is Copyright (c) 2019 by Jason McIntosh. |
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This is free software, licensed under: |
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The MIT (X11) License |