File Coverage

blib/lib/WWW/Search.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	371	528	70.2
branch	90	202	44.5
condition	47	76	61.8
subroutine	81	89	91.0
pod	50	51	98.0
total	639	946	67.5

# Search.pm
# by John Heidemann
# Copyright (C) 1996 by USC/ISI
# $Id: Search.pm,v 2.565 2008-11-29 05:52:08 Martin Exp $
#
# A complete copyright notice appears at the end of this file.

=head1 NAME

WWW::Search - Virtual base class for WWW searches

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use WWW::Search;
  my $sEngine = 'AltaVista';
  my $oSearch = new WWW::Search($sEngine);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This class is the parent for all access methods supported by the
C library.  This library implements a Perl API
to web-based search engines.

See README for a list of search engines currently supported, and for a
lot of interesting high-level information about this distribution.

Search results can be limited, and there is a pause between each
request to avoid overloading either the client or the server.

=head2 Sample program

Here is a sample program:

  my $sQuery = 'Columbus Ohio sushi restaurant';
  my $oSearch = new WWW::Search('AltaVista');
  $oSearch->native_query(WWW::Search::escape_query($sQuery));
  $oSearch->login($sUser, $sPassword);
  while (my $oResult = $oSearch->next_result())
    {
    print $oResult->url, "\n";
    } # while
  $oSearch->logout;

Results are objects of type C
(see L for details).
Note that different backends support different result fields.
All backends are required to support title and url.

=head1 SEE ALSO

For specific search engines, see L
(replacing TheEngineName with a particular search engine).

For details about the results of a search,
see L.

=head1 METHODS AND FUNCTIONS FOR SEARCHERS

=over

=cut

#####################################################################

package WWW::Search;

use strict qw( vars );
use warnings;

use Carp ();
use CGI;
# use Data::Dumper;  # for debugging only
use Exporter;
use File::Find;
use File::Spec::Functions;
use HTML::TreeBuilder;
use HTTP::Cookies;
use HTTP::Request;
use HTTP::Response;
use HTTP::Status;
use LWP::MemberMixin;
use LWP::RobotUA;
use LWP::UserAgent;
# use Net::Domain qw( hostfqdn );
use URI;
use URI::Escape;
# use User;

# Internal states:
use constant SEARCH_BEFORE => 1;
use constant SEARCH_UNDERWAY => 2;
use constant SEARCH_DONE => 3;
use constant SEARCH_RETRIEVING => 4;

use vars qw( @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK );
@EXPORT = qw();
@EXPORT_OK = qw( escape_query unescape_query generic_option strip_tags );
@ISA = qw(Exporter LWP::MemberMixin);
our
$MAINTAINER = 'Martin Thurn ';
our
$VERSION = do { my @r = (q$Revision: 2.565 $ =~ /\d+/g); sprintf "%d."."%03d" x $#r, @r };

=item new

To create a new WWW::Search, call

    $oSearch = new WWW::Search('SearchEngineName');

where SearchEngineName is replaced with a particular search engine.
For example:

    $oSearch = new WWW::Search('Yahoo');

If no search engine is specified, a default (currently 'Null::Empty')
will be chosen for you.

=cut

sub new
  {
  my $class = shift;
  my $engine = shift;
  # Remaining arguments will become hash args

  # The default backend (not currently more configurable :-< )
  my $default_engine = 'Null::Empty';
  my $default_agent_name = "$class/$VERSION";
  my $default_agent_email = '';
  $engine = $default_engine if (!defined($engine));
  # Load the engine, if necessary.
  my $subclass = "${class}::$engine";
  my $sEval = "use $subclass;";
  eval $sEval;
  Carp::croak("can not load backend $engine ($@)") if ($@);
  my $self = bless {
                    engine => $engine,
                    maximum_to_retrieve => 500,  # both pages and hits
                    interrequest_delay => 0.25,  # in seconds
                    agent_name => $default_agent_name,
                    agent_email => $default_agent_email,
                    env_proxy => 0,
                    http_method => 'GET',
                    http_proxy => undef,
                    http_proxy_user => undef,
                    http_proxy_pwd => undef,
                    timeout => 60,
                    _debug => 0,
                    _parse_debug => 0,
                    search_from_file => undef,
                    search_to_file => undef,
                    search_to_file_index => 0,
                    @_,
                    # variable initialization goes here
                   }, $subclass;
  $self->reset_search();
  return $self;
  } # new

=item version

Returns the value of the $VERSION variable of the backend engine, or
$WWW::Search::VERSION if the backend does not contain $VERSION.

=cut

sub version
  {
  my $self = shift;
  my $iVersion = eval '$'.ref($self).'::VERSION';
  # print STDERR " + iVersion = >>>$iVersion<<<\n";
  $iVersion ||= $VERSION;
  return $iVersion;
  } # version

=item maintainer

Returns the value of the $MAINTAINER variable of the backend engine,
or $WWW::Search::MAINTAINER if the backend does not contain
$MAINTAINER.

=cut

sub maintainer
  {
  my $self = shift;
  my $sMaintainer = eval '$'.ref($self).'::MAINTAINER';
  # print STDERR " + sMaintainer = >>>$sMaintainer<<<\n";
  $sMaintainer ||= $MAINTAINER;
  return $sMaintainer;
  } # maintainer


=item installed_engines

Returns a list of the names of all installed backends.
We can not tell if they are up-to-date or working, though.

  use WWW::Search;
  my @asEngines = sort &WWW::Search::installed_engines();
  local $" = ', ';
  print (" + These WWW::Search backends are installed: @asEngines\n");
  # Choose a backend at random (yes, this is rather silly):
  my $oSearch = WWW::Search->new($asEngines[rand(scalar(@asEngines))]);

=cut

use constant DEBUG_ARC     => 0;
use constant DEBUG_COOKIES => 0;
use constant DEBUG_FIND    => 0;
use constant DEBUG_FUNC    => 0;
use constant DEBUG_RETR    => 0;

sub _wanted
  {
  # Code adapted from the following netnews post (Thank you, Tom!):
  # From: Tom Christiansen ([e-mail])
  # Subject: SRC: pminst - find modules whose names match this pattern
  # Newsgroups: comp.lang.perl.misc
  # Date: 1999/02/15
  my $startdir = shift;
  my $sFullPath = $File::Find::name;
  print STDERR " +   _wanted($startdir, $sFullPath)\n" if DEBUG_FIND;
  if (-d && /^[a-z]/)
    {
    # This is so we don't go down site_perl etc too early (whatever
    # that means):
    $File::Find::prune = 1;
    DEBUG_FIND && print STDERR " +     prune\n";
    return;
    } # if
  unless ($sFullPath =~ s!\.pm\Z!!)
    {
    DEBUG_FIND && print STDERR " +     not .pm\n";
    return;
    } # unless
  # Delete absolute path off front of file path:
  $sFullPath =~ s{^\Q$startdir\E[\\/]}{};
  unless (1 || ($sFullPath =~ s!\AWWW/Search!!))
    {
    print STDERR " +     not WWW/Search\n" if DEBUG_FIND;
    return;
    } # unless
  print STDERR " +     found $sFullPath\n" if DEBUG_FIND;
  $sFullPath =~ s{/}{::}g;
  $sFullPath =~ s!\A::!!;
  return $sFullPath;
  } # _wanted

sub installed_engines
  {
  # Does NOT need a WWW::Search object to operate
  my %hsi;
  local $" = '|';
  DEBUG_FIND && print STDERR " + installed_engines() start, INC is @INC...\n";
 INC_DIR:
  foreach my $sDir (map catdir($_, 'WWW', 'Search'), @INC)
    {
    DEBUG_FIND && print STDERR " +   foreach ==$sDir==\n";
    next INC_DIR unless -d $sDir;
    File::Find::find(sub {
                       $hsi{&_wanted($sDir) || 'JUNKJUNK'}++;
                       }, $sDir);
    } # foreach INC_DIR
  delete $hsi{'JUNKJUNK'};
  delete $hsi{'Test'};
  delete $hsi{'Result'};
  return keys %hsi;
  } # installed_engines


=item native_query

Specify a query (and optional options) to the current search object.
Previous query (if any) and its cached results (if any) will be thrown away.
The option values and the query must be escaped;
call L to escape a string.
The search process is not actually begun until C or
C is called (lazy!), so native_query does not return anything.

Example:

  $oSearch->native_query('search-engine-specific+escaped+query+string',
                        { option1 => 'able', option2 => 'baker' } );

The hash of options following the query string is optional.
The query string is backend-specific.
There are two kinds of options:
options specific to the backend,
and generic options applicable to multiple backends.

Generic options all begin with 'search_'.
Currently a few are supported:

=over 4

=item search_url

Specifies the base URL for the search engine.

=item search_debug

Enables backend debugging.  The default is 0 (no debugging).

=item search_parse_debug

Enables backend parser debugging.  The default is 0 (no debugging).

=item search_to_file FILE

Causes the search results to be saved in a set of files
prefixed by FILE.
(Used internally by the test-suite, not intended for general use.)

=item search_from_file FILE

Reads a search from a set of files prefixed by FILE.
(Used internally by the test-suite, not intended for general use.)

=back

Some backends may not implement these generic options,
but any which do implement them must provide these semantics.

Backend-specific options are described
in the documentation for each backend.
In most cases the options and their values are packed together to create the query portion of
the final URL.

Details about how the search string and option hash are interpreted
might be found in the search-engine-specific manual pages
(WWW::Search::SearchEngineName).

=cut

sub native_query
  {
  my $self = shift;
  print STDERR " FFF native_query($_[0])\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  $self->reset_search();
  $self->{'native_query'} = $_[0];
  $self->{'native_options'} = $_[1];
  # promote generic options
  my $opts_ref = $_[1];
  foreach my $sKey (keys %$opts_ref)
    {
    if (generic_option($sKey))
      {
      print STDERR " +   promoting $sKey to $self\n" if $self->{_debug};
      $self->{$sKey} = $opts_ref->{$sKey};
      # delete $opts_ref->{$sKey};
      } # if
    } # foreach
  $self->setup_search() if ($self->{state} == SEARCH_BEFORE);
  } # native_query


=item gui_query

Specify a query to the current search object;
the query will be performed with the engine's default options,
as if it were typed by a user in a browser window.

Same arguments as C above.

Currently, this feature is supported by only a few backends;
consult the documentation for each backend to see if it is implemented.

=cut

sub gui_query
  {
  # This function is a stub to prevent runtime errors.  This function
  # should be defined in each backend as appropriate.  See Yahoo.pm in
  # the WWW-Search-Yahoo distribution for an example of how to
  # implement it.
  my $self = shift;
  return $self->native_query(@_);
  } # gui_query


=item cookie_jar

Call this method (anytime before asking for results) if you want to
communicate cookie data with the search engine.  Takes one argument,
either a filename or an HTTP::Cookies object.  If you give a filename,
WWW::Search will attempt to read/store cookies there (by passing the
filename to HTTP::Cookies::new).

  $oSearch->cookie_jar('/tmp/my_cookies');

If you give an HTTP::Cookies object, it is up to you to save the
cookies if/when you wish.

  use HTTP::Cookies;
  my $oJar = HTTP::Cookies->new(...);
  $oSearch->cookie_jar($oJar);

If you pass in no arguments, the cookie jar (if any) is returned.

  my $oJar = $oSearch->cookie_jar;
  unless (ref $oJar) { print "No jar" };

=cut

sub cookie_jar
  {
  my $self = shift;
  if (! @_)
    {
    return $self->{'_cookie_jar'};
    } # if no arguments
  my $arg = shift;
  my $sRef = ref($arg);
  if ($sRef =~ m!\AHTTP::Cookies!)
    {
    print STDERR " + WWW::Search using caller's $sRef object\n" if DEBUG_COOKIES;
    $self->{'_cookie_jar'} = $arg;
    $self->{'_cookie_jar_we_save'} = 0;
    } # if
  elsif (! ref($arg))
    {
    # Assume that $arg is a file name:
    print STDERR " + WWW::Search using Cookies from file $arg\n" if DEBUG_COOKIES;
    $self->{'_cookie_jar'} = HTTP::Cookies->new(
                                               'file' => $arg,
                                               'autosave' => 1,
                                               'ignore_discard' => 1,
                                               );
    $self->{'_cookie_jar'}->load;
    $self->{'_cookie_jar_we_save'} = 1;
    # print STDERR " + WWW::Search just loaded cookies from $arg\n";
    }
  else
    {
    Carp::carp "argument to WWW::Search::cookie_jar() must be a scalar or a flavor of HTTP::Cookies";
    }
  } # cookie_jar


=item date_from

Set/get the start date for limiting the query by a date range.  See
the documentation for each backend to find out if date ranges are
supported.

=item date_to

Set/get the end date for limiting the query by a date range.  See the
documentation for each backend to find out if date ranges are
supported.

=cut

sub date_from
  {
  return shift->_elem('date_from', @_) || '';
  } # date_from

sub date_to
  {
  return shift->_elem('date_to', @_) || '';
  } # date_to


=item env_proxy

Enable loading proxy settings from environment variables.
The proxy URL will be read from $ENV{http_proxy}.
The username for authentication will be read from $ENV{http_proxy_user}.
The password for authentication will be read from $ENV{http_proxy_pwd}.

If you don't want to put passwords in the environment, one solution
would be to subclass LWP::UserAgent and use $ENV{WWW_SEARCH_USERAGENT}
instead (see user_agent below).

env_proxy() must be called before the first retrieval is attempted.

Example:

  $ENV{http_proxy     } = 'http://my.proxy.com:80';
  $ENV{http_proxy_user} = 'bugsbun';
  $ENV{http_proxy_pwd } = 'c4rr0t5';
  $oSearch->env_proxy('yes');  # Turn on with any true value
  ...
  $oSearch->env_proxy(0);  # Turn off with zero
  ...
  if ($oSearch->env_proxy)  # Test

=cut

# contributed by Klaus Johannes Rusch
sub env_proxy
  {
  return shift->_elem('env_proxy', @_);
  } # env_proxy


=item http_proxy

Set up an HTTP proxy (for connections from behind a firewall).

Takes the same arguments as LWP::UserAgent::proxy().

This routine should be called before calling any of the result
functions (any method with "result" in its name).

Example:

  # Turn on and set address:
  $oSearch->http_proxy(['http','ftp'] => 'http://proxy:8080');
  # Turn off:
  $oSearch->http_proxy('');

=cut

sub http_proxy
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # Make a copy of our arguments:
  if (@_)
    {
    my @a = @_;
    return $self->_elem('http_proxy', \@a);
    }
  else
    {
    return $self->_elem('http_proxy');
    }
  } # http_proxy


=item http_proxy_user, http_proxy_pwd

Set/get HTTP proxy authentication data.

These routines set/get username and password used in proxy
authentication.
Authentication is attempted only if all three items (proxy URL, username
and password) have been set.

Example:

    $oSearch->http_proxy_user("myuser");
    $oSearch->http_proxy_pwd("mypassword");
    $oSearch->http_proxy_user(undef);   # Example for no authentication

    $username = $oSearch->http_proxy_user();

=cut

sub http_proxy_user
  {
  return shift->_elem('http_proxy_user', @_);
  }

sub http_proxy_pwd
  {
  return shift->_elem('http_proxy_pwd', @_);
  }


=item maximum_to_retrieve

Set the maximum number of hits to return.
Queries resulting in more than this many hits will return
the first hits, up to this limit.
Although this specifies a maximum limit,
search engines might return less than this number.

Defaults to 500.

Example:
    $max = $oSearch->maximum_to_retrieve(100);

You can also spell this method "maximum_to_return".

=cut

sub maximum_to_retrieve
  {
  return shift->_elem('maximum_to_retrieve', @_);
  }


=item maximum_to_return

Synonym for maximum_to_retrieve

=cut

sub maximum_to_return
  {
  return shift->_elem('maximum_to_retrieve', @_);
  }


=item timeout

The maximum length of time any portion of the query should take,
in seconds.

Defaults to 60.

Example:
    $oSearch->timeout(120);

=cut

sub timeout
  {
  return shift->_elem('timeout', @_);
  }


=item login

Backends which need to login to the search engine should implement
this function.  Takes two arguments, user and password.  Return
nonzero if login was successful.  Return undef or 0 if login failed.

=cut

sub login
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # Here is just a stub.
  return 1;
  # These are the arguments:
  my ($sUser, $sPassword) = @_;
  } # login

=item logout

Backends which need to logout from the search engine should implement
this function.

=cut

sub logout
  {
  my $self = shift; # no other args
  # Here is just a stub.
  } # logout


=item approximate_result_count

Some backends indicate how many results they have found.
Typically this is an approximate value.

=cut

sub approximate_result_count
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # Optional arg1 = new value for this option.
  my $iArg = shift;
  $iArg = undef if (defined($iArg) && ($iArg eq ''));
  DEBUG_FUNC && print STDERR " FFF a_r_c(state=$self->{state},iArg=$iArg)\n";
  DEBUG_ARC && print STDERR " + a_r_c(state=$self->{state},iArg=$iArg)\n";
  if (defined($iArg) && (0 <= $iArg))
    {
    # Caller is trying to SET the value:
    DEBUG_ARC && print STDERR " + a_r_cSET(state=$self->{state},iArg=$iArg)\n";
    $self->{'approx_count'} =  $iArg;
    return $iArg;
    } # if
  if (
      # This prevents infinite recursion, for when retrieve_some()
      # calls this function in order to SET the value:
      ($self->{state} ne SEARCH_RETRIEVING)
      &&
      # This prevents useless repeat calls to retrieve_some() after
      # the search has been completed:
      ($self->{state} ne SEARCH_DONE))
    {
    DEBUG_ARC && print STDERR " DDD a_r_c prime the pump\n";
    # Prime the pump, if necessary:
    $self->retrieve_some();
    } # if
  $iArg = $self->{'approx_count'} || 0;
  # print STDERR " + a_r_cGET(state=$self->{state},answer=$iArg)\n";
  return $iArg;
  } # approximate_result_count

=item approximate_hit_count

This is an alias for approximate_result_count().

=cut

sub approximate_hit_count
  {
  shift->approximate_result_count(@_);
  } # approximate_hit_count


=item results

Return all the results of a query as an array of WWW::SearchResult
objects.

Note: This might take a while, because a web backend will keep asking
the search engine for "next page of results" over and over until there
are no more next pages, and THEN return from this function.

If an error occurs at any time during query processing, it will be
indicated in the response().

Example:

    @results = $oSearch->results();
    # Go have a cup of coffee while the previous line executes...
    foreach $oResult (@results)
      {
      print $oResult->url(), "\n";
      } # foreach

=cut

sub results
  {
  my $self = shift;
  print STDERR " FFF results(",$self->{'native_query'},")\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  # Put all the search results into the cache:
  1 while ($self->retrieve_some());
  $self->{cache} ||= [];
  my $iMax = scalar(@{$self->{cache}});
  # print STDERR " +   mtr is ", $self->{maximum_to_retrieve}, "\n" if $self->{_debug};
  # print STDERR " +   cache contains $iMax results\n" if $self->{_debug};
  $iMax = $self->{maximum_to_retrieve} if ($self->{maximum_to_retrieve} < $iMax);
  # print STDERR " +   returning $iMax results\n" if $self->{_debug};
  return @{$self->{cache}}[0..$iMax-1];
  } # results

=item next_result

Call this method repeatedly to return each result of a query as a
WWW::SearchResult object.  Example:

    while ($oResult = $oSearch->next_result())
      {
      print $oResult->url(), "\n";
      } # while

When there are no more results, or if an error occurs, next_result()
will return undef.

If an error occurs at any time during query processing, it will be
indicated in the response().

=cut

sub next_result
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # Carp::croak "search not yet specified" if (!defined($self->{'native_query'}));
  return undef if ($self->{next_to_return} >= $self->{maximum_to_retrieve});
  while (1)
    {
    if ($self->{next_to_return} <= $#{$self->{cache}})
      {
      # The cache already contains the desired element; return it:
      my $i = ($self->{next_to_return})++;
      return $self->{cache}->[$i];
      } # if
    # If we get here, then the desired element is beyond the end of
    # the cache.
    if ($self->{state} == SEARCH_DONE)
      {
      # There are no more results to be gotten; fail & bail:
      return undef;
      } # if
    # Get some more results into the cache:
    $self->retrieve_some();
    # Go back and try again:
    } # while infinite
  } # next_result


=item seek_result($offset)

Set which result should be returned next time
C is called.  Results are zero-indexed.

The only guaranteed valid offset is 0,
which will replay the results from the beginning.
In particular, seeking past the end of the current cached
results probably will not do what you might think it should.

Results are cached, so this does not re-issue the query
or cause IO (unless you go off the end of the results).
To re-do the query, create a new search object.

Example:

    $oSearch->seek_result(0);

=cut

sub seek_result
  {
  my ($self, $desired) = @_;
  my $old = $self->{next_to_return};
  $self->{next_to_return} = $desired if (defined($desired) and (0 <= $desired));
  return $old;
  } # seek_result


=item response

Returns an L object which resulted from the
most-recently-sent query.  Errors can be detected like this:

    if (! $oSearch->response->is_success)
      {
      print STDERR "Error:  " . $oSearch->response->as_string() . "\n";
      } # if

Note to backend authors: even if the backend does not involve the web,
it should return an L object.

=cut

sub response
  {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{response} ||= new HTTP::Response(RC_OK);
  return $self->{response};
  } # response


=item submit

This method can be used to submit URLs to the search engines for indexing.
Consult the documentation for each backend to find out if it is implemented there,
and if so what the arguments are.

Returns an HTTP::Response object describing the result of the submission request.
Consult the documentation for each backend to find out the meaning of the response.

=cut

sub submit
  {
  return new HTTP::Response(788, 'Sorry, this backend does not support the submit() method.');
  } # submit


=item opaque

This function provides an application a place to store
one opaque data element (or many, via a Perl reference).
This facility is useful to (for example),
maintain client-specific information in each active query
when you have multiple concurrent queries.

=cut

sub opaque { return shift->_elem('opaque', @_); }


=item escape_query

Escape a query.
Before queries are sent to the internet, special characters must be escaped
so that a proper URL can be formed.
This is like escaping a URL,
but all non-alphanumeric characters are escaped and
and spaces are converted to "+"s.

Example:

    $escaped = WWW::Search::escape_query('+hi +mom');
    # $escaped is now '%2Bhi+%2Bmom'

See also C.
NOTE that this is not a method, it is a plain function.

=cut

sub escape_query
  {
  my $text = join(' ', @_);
  $text ||= '';
  # print STDERR " +   escape_query($text)\n";
  $text =~ s/([^ A-Za-z0-9])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/g; #"
  # print STDERR " +   escape_query($text)\n";
  $text =~ s/ /+/g;
  # print STDERR " +   escape_query($text)\n";
  return $text;
  } # escape_query

=item unescape_query

Unescape a query.
See C for details.

Example:

    $unescaped = WWW::Search::unescape_query('%22hi+mom%22');
    # $unescaped eq q{"hi mom"}

NOTE that this is not a method, it is a plain function.

=cut

sub unescape_query
  {
  # code stolen from URI::Escape.pm.
  my @copy = @_;
  for (@copy)
    {
    s!\+! !g;
    s!\%([\dA-Fa-f]{2})!chr(hex($1))!eg;
    } # for
  return wantarray ? @copy : $copy[0];
  } # unescape_query

=item strip_tags

Given a string, returns a copy of that string with HTML tags removed.
This should be used by each backend as they insert the title and
description values into the search results objects.

NOTE that this is not a method, it is a plain function.

=cut

sub strip_tags
  {
  # Prevent undef warnings if we get passed any undefined values:
  my @args = @_;
  @args = map { $_ ||= '' } @args;
  my $s = join('', @args);
  # Special case: change BR to space:
  $s =~ s!! !gi;
  # We assume for now that we will not be encountering tags with
  # embedded '>' characters!
  $s =~ s/\074.+?\076//g;
  $s =~ s/ / /g;
  $s =~ s/"/\042/g;
  $s =~ s/&/\046/g;
  $s =~ s/</\074/g;
  $s =~ s/>/\076/g;
  # Coalesce multiple spaces:
  $s =~ tr!\040\t\r\n! !s;
  # Delete leading & trailing spaces:
  $s =~ s!\A\s+!!;
  $s =~ s!\s+\Z!!;
  return $s;
  } # strip_tags

=item is_http_proxy

Returns true if proxy information is available.

=cut

sub is_http_proxy
  {
  my $self = shift;
  my $ra = $self->http_proxy;
  my $ret = (
             ('ARRAY' eq ref($ra))
             &&
             defined($ra->[0])
             &&
             ($ra->[0] ne '')
            );
  # print STDERR " DDD is_http_proxy() return =$ret=\n";
  return $ret;
  } # is_http_proxy

=back

=head1 METHODS AND FUNCTIONS FOR BACKEND PROGRAMMERS

=over

=item reset_search

Resets internal data structures to start over with a new search (on
the same engine).

=cut

sub reset_search
  {
  my $self = shift;
  print STDERR " FFF reset_search(",$self->{'native_query'},")\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  $self->{'cache'} = [];
  $self->{'native_query'} = '';
  $self->{'next_to_retrieve'} = 1;
  $self->{'next_to_return'} = 0;
  $self->{'number_retrieved'} = 0;
  $self->{'requests_made'} = 0;
  $self->{'state'} = SEARCH_BEFORE;
  $self->{'_next_url'} = '';
  $self->{'approx_count'} = 0;
  # This method is called by native_query().  native_query() is called
  # either by gui_query() or by the user.  In the case that
  # gui_query() was called, we do NOT want to clear out the _options
  # hash.  For now, I implement a pretty ugly hack to make this work:
  if (caller(2))
    {
    my @as = caller(2);
    if (1 < scalar(@as))
      {
      # print STDERR " in reset_search(), as is (", join(',', @as), ")\n";
      return if $as[3] =~ m/gui_query/;
      } # if
    } # if
  $self->{_options} = ();
  } # reset_search


=item is_http_proxy_auth_data

Returns true if all authentication data
(proxy URL, username, and password) are available.

=cut

sub is_http_proxy_auth_data
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # print STDERR (" DDD http_proxy is ", Dumper(\$self));
  my $ret = (
             $self->is_http_proxy
             &&
             defined($self->http_proxy_user)
             &&
             ($self->http_proxy_user ne '')
             &&
             defined($self->http_proxy_pwd)
             &&
             ($self->http_proxy_pwd ne '')
            );
  # print STDERR " DDD is_http_proxy_auth_data() return =$ret=\n";
  return $ret;
  } # is_http_proxy_auth_data


=item agent_name($sName)

If your search engine rejects certain browser,
you can trick it into thinking you're any browser type you want.
See below under user_agent().

=cut

sub agent_name
  {
  return shift->_elem('agent_name', @_);
  }

=item agent_email($sName)

=cut

sub agent_email
  {
  return shift->_elem('agent_email', @_);
  }

=item user_agent($NON_ROBOT)

This internal routine creates a user-agent for derived classes that
query the web.  If any non-false argument is given, a normal
LWP::UserAgent (rather than a LWP::RobotUA) is used.

Returns the user-agent object.

If a backend needs the low-level LWP::UserAgent or LWP::RobotUA to
have a particular name, $oSearch->agent_name() and possibly
$oSearch->agent_email() should be called to set the desired values
*before* calling $oSearch->user_agent().

If the environment variable WWW_SEARCH_USERAGENT has a value, it will
be used as the class for a new user agent object.  This class should
be a subclass of LWP::UserAgent.  For example,

  $ENV{WWW_SEARCH_USERAGENT} = 'My::Own::UserAgent';
  # If this env.var. has no value,
  # LWP::UserAgent or LWP::RobotUA will be used.
  $oSearch = new WWW::Search('MyBackend');
  $oSearch->agent_name('MySpider');
  if ($iBackendWebsiteRequiresNonRobot)
    {
    $oSearch->user_agent('non-robot');
    }
  else
    {
    $oSearch->agent_email('[e-mail]');
    $oSearch->user_agent();
    }

Backends should use robot-style user-agents whenever possible.

=cut

sub _load_env_useragent
  {
  my $self = shift;
  my $sUA = $ENV{'WWW_SEARCH_USERAGENT'} || '';
  my $ua;
  if ($sUA ne '')
    {
    eval "use $sUA";
    # print STDERR " DDD this is after eval use $sUA\n";
    if (! $@)
      {
      # Successfully loaded module.
      eval { $ua = $sUA->new };
      # print STDERR " DDD this is after eval new $sUA\n";
      if (ref($ua) && ! $@)
        {
        # Successfully created object.
        return $ua;
        }
      else
        {
        warn " --- WWW::Search::user_agent can not create $sUA object: $@\n";
        # Fall through and try the other methods:
        }
      }
    else
      {
      warn " --- WWW::Search::user_agent can not load $sUA: $@\n";
      # Fall through and try the other methods:
      }
    } # if found WWW_SEARCH_USERAGENT in environment
  } # _load_env_useragent

sub user_agent
  {
  my $self = shift;
  unless (@_)
    {
    # If NO ARGS, return the previously-created agent (if any):
    return $self->{'user_agent'} if ref($self->{'user_agent'});
    } # unless
  my $non_robot = shift || 0;
  my $ua = _load_env_useragent();
  # If we loaded a UserAgent, don't do any of this stuff:
  if (! ref $ua)
    {
    if ($non_robot)
      {
      eval
        {
        $ua = new LWP::UserAgent;
        $ua->agent($self->agent_name);
        $ua->from($self->agent_email);
        }; # end of eval block
      }
    else
      {
      $ua = LWP::RobotUA->new($self->agent_name, $self->agent_email);
      $ua->delay($self->{'interrequest_delay'});
      }
    $ua->timeout($self->{'timeout'});
    eval { $ua->proxy(@{$self->{'http_proxy'}}) } if $self->is_http_proxy;
    if ($self->env_proxy)
      {
      $ua->env_proxy($self->env_proxy);
      # Read password from ENV:
      $self->http_proxy_user($ENV{http_proxy_user});
      $self->http_proxy_pwd ($ENV{http_proxy_pwd});
      } # if
    } # if ! ref $ua
  $self->{'user_agent'} = $ua;
  return $ua;
  } # user_agent


=item http_referer

Get / set the value of the HTTP_REFERER variable for this search object.
Some search engines might only accept requests that originated at some specific previous page.
This method lets backend authors "fake" the previous page.
Call this method before calling http_request.

  $oSearch->http_referer('http://prev.engine.com/wherever/setup.html');
  $oResponse = $oSearch->http_request('GET', $url);

=cut

sub http_referer
  {
  return shift->_elem('_http_referer', @_);
  }


=item http_method

Get / set the method to be used for the HTTP request.
Must be either 'GET' or 'POST'.
Call this method before calling http_request.
(Normally you would set this during _native_setup_search().)
The default is 'GET'.

  $oSearch->http_method('POST');

=cut

sub http_method
  {
  shift->_elem('http_method', @_);
  }


=item http_request($method, $url)

Submit the HTTP request to the world, and return the response.
Similar to LWP::UserAgent::request.
Handles cookies, follows redirects, etc.
Requires that http_referer already be set up, if needed.

=cut

sub http_request
  {
  my $self = shift;
  my ($method, $url) = @_;
  my $response;
  if (50 <= $self->{_debug})
    {
    eval q{ use LWP::Debug qw(+) }; # } # emacs bug
    } # if
  if ($self->{search_from_file})
    {
    $response = $self->_http_request_from_file($url);
    }
  else
    {
    # fetch it
    my $request;
    if ($method eq 'POST')
      {
      my $uri_url = URI->new($url);
      my $equery = $uri_url->query;
      $uri_url->query(undef);   # we will handle the query ourselves
      $request = new HTTP::Request($method, $uri_url);
      $request->header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
      $request->header('Content-Length', length $equery);
      $request->content($equery);
      }
    else
      {
      $request = new HTTP::Request($method, $url);
      }
    $request->header('Accept-Charset' => 'iso-8859-1,*,utf-8');
    if ($self->is_http_proxy_auth_data)
      {
      $request->proxy_authorization_basic($self->http_proxy_user,
                                          $self->http_proxy_pwd);
      } # if
    $self->{'_cookie_jar'}->add_cookie_header($request) if ref($self->{'_cookie_jar'});

    if ($self->{'_http_referer'} && ($self->{'_http_referer'} ne ''))
      {
      my $s = uri_escape($self->{'_http_referer'});
      # print STDERR " +    referer($s), ref(s) = ", ref($s), "\n";
      $s = $s->as_string if ref($s) =~ m!URI!;
      $request->referer($s);
      } # if referer
    print STDERR " DDD   raw HTTP::Request is:\n", $request->as_string if (3 <= $self->{_debug});
    my $ua = $self->user_agent();

  TRY_GET:
    while (1)
      {
      $response = $ua->request($request);
      printf(STDERR " +   got HTTP::Response (code=%d):\n%s",
             $response->code,
             $response->headers->as_string) if (3 <= $self->{_debug});
      if (ref($self->{'_cookie_jar'}))
        {
        $self->{'_cookie_jar'}->extract_cookies($response);
        $self->{'_cookie_jar'}->save if $self->{'_cookie_jar_we_save'};
        print STDERR " + WWW::Search just extracted cookies\n" if DEBUG_COOKIES;
        print STDERR $self->{'_cookie_jar'}->as_string if DEBUG_COOKIES;
        # print STDERR Dumper($self->{'_cookie_jar'}) if DEBUG_COOKIES;
        } # if
      if ($self->{'search_to_file'} && $response->is_success)
        {
        $self->_http_request_to_file($url, $response);
        } # if
      last TRY_GET if ($response->is_success);
      last TRY_GET if ($response->is_error);
      last TRY_GET if ($response->headers->header('Client-Warning') =~ m!redirect loop detected!i);
      if ($response->is_redirect
          ||
          # Some engines spoof us with a false 302 code, so look at
          # the message rather than the code:
          ($response->message =~ m!Object moved!i)
         )
        {
        my $sURL = $response->request->uri->as_string;
        my $sURLredir = $response->headers->header('Location');
        # Low-level loop detection:
        last TRY_GET if ($sURLredir eq $sURL);
        print STDERR " +   'Object moved' from $sURL to $sURLredir\n" if (2 <= $self->{_debug});
        # Follow the redirect:
        $request = new HTTP::Request('GET',
                                     URI->new_abs($sURLredir, $sURL),
                                    );
        $request->referer($sURL);
        $self->{'_cookie_jar'}->add_cookie_header($request) if ref($self->{'_cookie_jar'});
        print STDERR " +   'Object moved', new HTTP::Request is:\n", $request->as_string if (3 <= $self->{_debug});
        # Go back and try again
        } # if
      } # while infinite
    } # if not from_file
  return $response;
  } # http_request

sub _http_request_get_filename {
    my $self = shift;
    my $fn;
    # filename?
    if (!defined($self->{search_filename})) {
	$fn = $self->{search_from_file};
	$fn = $self->{search_to_file} if (!defined($fn));
	$self->{search_filename} = WWW::Search::unescape_query($fn);
    }
    $fn = $self->{search_filename};
    die "$0: bogus filename.\n" if (!defined($fn));
    return $fn;
} # _http_request_get_filename

sub _http_request_from_file {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($url) = @_;

    my $fn = $self->_http_request_get_filename();

    # read index?
    if (!defined($self->{search_from_file_hash})) {
	open(TABLE, "<$fn") || die "$0: open $fn failed.\n";
	my $i = 0;
	while () { 




1346



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	    chomp; 




1347



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	    $self->{search_from_file_hash}{$_} = $i; 




1348




 





 





 





 





 





 



 	    # print STDERR "$0: file index: $i <$_>\n"; 




1349



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	    $i++; 




1350




 





 





 





 





 





 



 	}; 




1351



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	close TABLE; 




1352




 





 





 





 





 





 



     }; 




1353




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # read file 




1354



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     my $i = $self->{search_from_file_hash}{$url}; 




1355



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



     if (defined($i)) { 




1356




 





 





 





 





 





 



 	# print STDERR "$0: saved request <$url> found in $fn.$i\n"; 




1357




 





 





 





 





 





 



 	# read the data 




1358



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



 	open(FILE, "<$fn.$i") || die "$0: open $fn.$i\n"; 




1359



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	my $d = ''; 




1360



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	while () { 




1361



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	    $d .= $_; 




1362




 





 





 





 





 





 



 	}; 




1363



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	close FILE; 




1364




 





 





 





 





 





 



 	# make up the response 




1365



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	my $r = new HTTP::Response(RC_OK); 




1366



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	$r->content($d); 




1367



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	return $r; 




1368




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } else { 




1369



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	print STDERR "$0: saved request <$url> not found.\n"; 




1370



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	my $r = new HTTP::Response(RC_NOT_FOUND); 




1371



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



 	return $r; 




1372




 





 





 





 





 





 



     }; 




1373




 





 





 





 





 





 



 } # _http_request_from_file 




1374




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1375




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub _http_request_to_file { 




1376



  
0
  




 





 




  
0
  




 





0



     my $self = shift; 




1377




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # The LAST arg is a LWP::Response object: 




1378



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     my $response = pop; 




1379




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # The only other arg we care about is the FIRST arg, a url: 




1380



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     my ($url, ) = @_; 




1381




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1382



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     my $fn = $self->_http_request_get_filename(); 




1383




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1384




 





 





 





 





 





 



     unlink($fn) 




1385



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



         if ($self->{search_to_file_index} == 0); 




1386



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



     open(TABLE, ">>$fn") || die "$0: open $fn\n"; 




1387



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     print TABLE "$url\n"; 




1388



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     close TABLE; 




1389



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     my $i = ($self->{search_to_file_index})++; 




1390



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



     open (FILE, ">$fn.$i") || die "$0: open $fn.$i\n"; 




1391



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     print FILE $response->content(); 




1392



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     close FILE; 




1393




 





 





 





 





 





 



 } # _http_request_to_file 




1394




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1395




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1396




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item next_url 




1397




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1398




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Get or set the URL for the next backend request.  This can be used to 




1399




 





 





 





 





 





 



 save the WWW::Search state between sessions (e.g. if you are showing 




1400




 





 





 





 





 





 



 pages of results to the user in a web browser).  Before closing down a 




1401




 





 





 





 





 





 



 session, save the value of next_url: 




1402




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1403




 





 





 





 





 





 



   ... 




1404




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $oSearch->maximum_to_return(10); 




1405




 





 





 





 





 





 



   while ($oSearch->next_result) { ... } 




1406




 





 





 





 





 





 



   my $urlSave = $oSearch->next_url; 




1407




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1408




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Then, when you start up the next session (e.g. after the user clicks 




1409




 





 





 





 





 





 



 your "next" button), restore this value before calling for the results: 




1410




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1411




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $oSearch->native_query(...); 




1412




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $oSearch->next_url($urlSave); 




1413




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $oSearch->maximum_to_return(20); 




1414




 





 





 





 





 





 



   while ($oSearch->next_result) { ... } 




1415




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1416




 





 





 





 





 





 



 WARNING: It is entirely up to you to keep your interface in sync with 




1417




 





 





 





 





 





 



 the number of hits per page being returned from the backend.  And, we 




1418




 





 





 





 





 





 



 make no guarantees whether this method will work for any given 




1419




 





 





 





 





 





 



 backend.  (Their caching scheme might not enable you to jump into the 




1420




 





 





 





 





 





 



 middle of a list of search results, for example.) 




1421




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1422




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1423




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1424




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub next_url 




1425




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1426



  
0
  




 





 




  
0
  



  
1
  




0



   return shift->_elem('_next_url', @_); 




1427




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } 




1428




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1429




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1430




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item split_lines 




1431




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1432




 





 





 





 





 





 



 This internal routine splits data (typically the result of the web 




1433




 





 





 





 





 





 



 page retrieval) into lines in a way that is OS independent.  If the 




1434




 





 





 





 





 





 



 first argument is a reference to an array, that array is taken to be a 




1435




 





 





 





 





 





 



 list of possible delimiters for this split.  For example, Yahoo.pm 




1436




 





 





 





 





 





 



 uses  and  as "line" delimiters for convenience. 




1437




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1438




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1439




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1440




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub split_lines 




1441




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1442




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # This probably fails on an EBCDIC box where input is in text mode. 




1443




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Too bad Macs do not just use binmode like Windows boxen. 




1444




2





 





 




  
2
  



  
1
  




722



   my $self = shift; 




1445




2





 





 





 





 





5



   my $s = shift; 




1446




2





 





 





 





 





4



   my $patt = '\015?\012'; 




1447




2




  
100
  




 





 





 





9



   if (ref($s)) 




1448




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1449




1





 





 





 





 





4



     $patt = '('. $patt; 




1450




1





 





 





 





 





3



     foreach (@$s) 




1451




 





 





 





 





 





 



       { 




1452




1





 





 





 





 





3



       $patt .= "|$_"; 




1453




 





 





 





 





 





 



       } # foreach 




1454




1





 





 





 





 





4



     $patt .= ')'; 




1455




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # print STDERR " +     patt is >>>$patt<<<\n"; 




1456




1





 





 





 





 





3



     $s = shift; 




1457




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1458




2





 





 





 





 





41



   return split(/$patt/i, $s); 




1459




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # If we require perl 5.005, this can be done by: 




1460




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # use Socket qw(:crlf :DEFAULT); 




1461




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # split(/$CR?$LF/,$_[0]) 




1462




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # split_lines 




1463




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1464




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1465




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item generic_option 




1466




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1467




 





 





 





 





 





 



 This internal routine checks if an option 




1468




 





 





 





 





 





 



 is generic or backend specific. 




1469




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Currently all generic options begin with 'search_'. 




1470




 





 





 





 





 





 



 This routine is not a method. 




1471




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1472




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1473




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1474




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub generic_option 




1475




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1476




9





 




  
 50
  



  
9
  



  
1
  




34



   my $option = shift || ''; 




1477




9





 





 





 





 





31



   return ($option =~ /^search_/); 




1478




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # generic_option 




1479




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1480




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1481




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item _native_setup_search 




1482




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1483




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Do some backend-specific initialization. 




1484




 





 





 





 





 





 



 It will be called with the same arguments as native_query(). 




1485




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1486




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1487




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1488




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub _native_setup_search 




1489




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1490



  
0
  




 





 




  
0
  




 





0



   my $self = shift; 




1491



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   print STDERR " FFF _n_s_s\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug}); 




1492




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Backward-compatibility for backends that define the old 




1493




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # native_setup_search(), but not the new _native_setup_search() 




1494



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   if ($self->can('native_setup_search')) 




1495




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1496



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     return $self->native_setup_search(@_); 




1497




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1498




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # _native_setup_search 




1499




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1500




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1501




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item setup_search 




1502




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1503




 





 





 





 





 





 



 This internal routine does generic Search setup. 




1504




 





 





 





 





 





 



 It calls C<_native_setup_search()> to do backend-specific setup. 




1505




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1506




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1507




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1508




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub setup_search 




1509




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1510




9





 





 




  
9
  



  
1
  




22



   my ($self) = @_; 




1511




9




  
100
  




 





 





 





77



   print STDERR " FFF setup_search(",$self->{'native_query'},")\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug}); 




1512




9





 





 





 





 





24



   $self->{cache} = []; 




1513




9





 





 





 





 





19



   $self->{next_to_retrieve} = 1; 




1514




9





 





 





 





 





16



   $self->{number_retrieved} = 0; 




1515




9





 





 





 





 





17



   $self->{state} = SEARCH_UNDERWAY; 




1516




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # $self->{_options} = (); 




1517




9





 





 





 





 





59



   $self->_native_setup_search($self->{'native_query'}, $self->{'native_options'}); 




1518




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # setup_search 




1519




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1520




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1521




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item need_to_delay 




1522




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1523




 





 





 





 





 





 



 A backend should override this method in order to dictate whether 




1524




 





 





 





 





 





 



 user_agent_delay() needs to be called before the next HTTP request is 




1525




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sent.  Return any perlish true or zero value. 




1526




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1527




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1528




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1529




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub need_to_delay 




1530




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1531




1





 





 




  
1
  



  
1
  




11



   my $self = shift; 




1532




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # This is a NOP stub.  Unless the subclass overrides this method, 




1533




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # there is no reason to delay. 




1534




1





 





 





 





 





2



   return 0; 




1535




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # need_to_delay 




1536




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1537




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1538




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item user_agent_delay 




1539




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1540




 





 





 





 





 





 



 According to what need_to_delay() returns, 




1541




 





 





 





 





 





 



 user_agent_delay() will be called between requests to remote 




1542




 





 





 





 





 





 



 servers to avoid overloading them with many back-to-back requests. 




1543




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1544




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1545




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1546




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub user_agent_delay 




1547




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1548




2





 





 




  
2
  



  
1
  




33



   my $self = shift; 




1549




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Sleep for some number of seconds: 




1550




2





 





 





 





 





500659



   select(undef, undef, undef, $self->{interrequest_delay}); 




1551




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # user_agent_delay 




1552




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1553




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1554




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item absurl 




1555




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1556




 





 





 





 





 





 



 An internal routine to convert a relative URL into a absolute URL.  It 




1557




 





 





 





 





 





 



 takes two arguments, the 'base' url (usually the search engine CGI 




1558




 





 





 





 





 





 



 URL) and the URL to be converted.  Returns a URI object. 




1559




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1560




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1561




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1562




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub absurl 




1563




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1564




3





 





 




  
3
  



  
1
  




61



   my ($self, $base, $url) = @_; 




1565




3





 




  
100
  




 





 





26



   $base ||= ''; 




1566




3





 




  
100
  




 





 





13



   $url ||= ''; 




1567




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # print STDERR " +   this is WWW::Search::absurl($base,$url)\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug}; 




1568




3




  
100
  




 





 





 





13



   $base = $self->{_prev_url} if ($base eq ''); 




1569




3




  
100
  



  
 66
  




 





 





18



   return '' unless (($url ne '') && ($base ne '')); 




1570




1





 





 





 





 





13



   my $link = URI->new_abs($url, $base); 




1571




1





 





 





 





 





6015



   return $link; 




1572




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # absurl 




1573




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1574




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1575




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item retrieve_some 




1576




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1577




 





 





 





 





 





 



 An internal routine to interface with C<_native_retrieve_some()>. 




1578




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Checks for overflow. 




1579




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1580




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1581




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1582




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub retrieve_some 




1583




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1584




7





 





 




  
7
  



  
1
  




15



   my $self = shift; 




1585




7




  
 50
  




 





 





 





23



   print STDERR " FFF retrieve_some(", $self->{'native_query'}, ")\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug}); 




1586




7




  
 50
  




 





 





 





23



   return undef if ($self->{state} == SEARCH_DONE); 




1587




7




  
100
  




 





 





 





30



   $self->setup_search() if ($self->{state} == SEARCH_BEFORE); 




1588




7





 





 





 





 





19



   $self->{state} = SEARCH_RETRIEVING; 




1589




7




  
100
  




 





 





 





28



   if (! $self->{'_allow_empty_query'}) 




1590




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1591




4




  
 50
  




 





 





 





14



     if (! defined($self->{'native_query'})) 




1592




 





 





 





 





 





 



       { 




1593



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



       $self->{response} = new HTTP::Response(500, "query string is not defined"); 




1594



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



       $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE; 




1595



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



       return; 




1596




 





 





 





 





 





 



       } # if 




1597




4




  
100
  




 





 





 





14



     if ($self->{'native_query'} eq '') 




1598




 





 





 





 





 





 



       { 




1599




2





 





 





 





 





13



       $self->{response} = new HTTP::Response(500, "query string is empty"); 




1600




2





 





 





 





 





116



       $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE; 




1601




2





 





 





 





 





7



       return; 




1602




 





 





 





 





 





 



       } # if 




1603




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1604




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Got enough already? 




1605




5




  
 50
  




 





 





 





18



   if ($self->{number_retrieved} >= $self->{'maximum_to_retrieve'}) 




1606




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1607



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



     print STDERR " DDD retrieve_some() got enough already\n" if (DEBUG_RETR || $self->{_debug}); 




1608



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE; 




1609



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     return; 




1610




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1611




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Spinning our wheels? 




1612




5




  
 50
  




 





 





 





20



   if ($self->{requests_made} > $self->{'maximum_to_retrieve'}) 




1613




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1614



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



     print STDERR " DDD retrieve_some() too many requests\n" if (DEBUG_RETR || $self->{_debug}); 




1615



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE; 




1616



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     return; 




1617




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1618




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Need more results: 




1619




5





 




  
 50
  




 





 





25



   my $res = $self->_native_retrieve_some() || 0; 




1620




5




  
 50
  




 





 





 





30



   print STDERR " +   _native_retrieve_some() returned $res\n" if (DEBUG_RETR || $self->{_debug}); 




1621




5





 





 





 





 





13



   $self->{requests_made}++; 




1622




5





 





 





 





 





14



   $self->{number_retrieved} += $res; 




1623




5




  
 50
  




 





 





 





28



   $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE if ($res == 0); 




1624




5





 





 





 





 





21



   return $res; 




1625




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # retrieve_some 




1626




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1627




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1628




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub HTML::TreeBuilder::www_search_reset 




1629




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1630




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # If a reset() method becomes available in HTML::TreeBuilder, we 




1631




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # won't need this any more. 




1632



  
0
  




 





 




  
0
  



  
0
  




0



   my $self = shift; 




1633



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->delete; 




1634




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # These 4 lines copied from HTML::TreeBuilder::new 




1635



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{'_head'} = $self->insert_element('head',1); 




1636



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{'_pos'} = undef; # pull it back up 




1637



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{'_body'} = $self->insert_element('body',1); 




1638



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{'_pos'} = undef; # pull it back up again 




1639




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # HTML::TreeBuilder::www_search_reset 




1640




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1641




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1642




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item _native_retrieve_some 




1643




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1644




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Fetch the next page of results from the web engine, parse the results, 




1645




 





 





 





 





 





 



 and prepare for the next page of results. 




1646




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1647




 





 





 





 





 





 



 If a backend defines this method, it is in total control of the WWW 




1648




 





 





 





 





 





 



 fetch, parsing, and preparing for the next page of results.  See the 




1649




 





 





 





 





 





 



 WWW::Search::AltaVista module for example usage of the 




1650




 





 





 





 





 





 



 _native_retrieve_some method. 




1651




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1652




 





 





 





 





 





 



 An easier way to achieve this in a backend is to inherit 




1653




 





 





 





 





 





 



 _native_retrieve_some from WWW::Search, and do only the HTML parsing. 




1654




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Simply define a method _parse_tree which takes one argument, an 




1655




 





 





 





 





 





 



 HTML::TreeBuilder object, and returns an integer, the number of 




1656




 





 





 





 





 





 



 results found on this page.  See the WWW::Search::Yahoo module for 




1657




 





 





 





 





 





 



 example usage of the _parse_tree method. 




1658




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1659




 





 





 





 





 





 



 A backend should, in general, define either _parse_tree() or 




1660




 





 





 





 





 





 



 _native_retrieve_some(), but not both. 




1661




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1662




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Additional features of the default _native_retrieve_some method: 




1663




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1664




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Sets $self->{_prev_url} to the URL of the page just retrieved. 




1665




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1666




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Calls $self->preprocess_results_page() on the raw HTML of the page. 




1667




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1668




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Then, parses the page with an HTML::TreeBuilder object and passes that 




1669




 





 





 





 





 





 



 populated object to $self->_parse_tree(). 




1670




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1671




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Additional notes on using the _parse_tree method: 




1672




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1673




 





 





 





 





 





 



 The built-in HTML::TreeBuilder object used to parse the page has 




1674




 





 





 





 





 





 



 store_comments turned ON.  If a backend needs to use a subclassed or 




1675




 





 





 





 





 





 



 modified HTML::TreeBuilder object, the backend should set 




1676




 





 





 





 





 





 



 $self->{'_treebuilder'} to that object before any results are 




1677




 





 





 





 





 





 



 retrieved.  The best place to do this is at the end of 




1678




 





 





 





 





 





 



 _native_setup_search. 




1679




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1680




 





 





 





 





 





 



   my $oTree = new myTreeBuilder; 




1681




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $oTree->store_pis(1);  # for example 




1682




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $self->{'_treebuilder'} = $oTree; 




1683




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1684




 





 





 





 





 





 



 When _parse_tree() is called, the $self->next_url is cleared. 




1685




 





 





 





 





 





 



 During parsing, the backend should set $self->next_url to the appropriate URL for the next page of results. 




1686




 





 





 





 





 





 



 (If _parse_tree() does not set the value, the search will end after parsing this page of results.) 




1687




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1688




 





 





 





 





 





 



 When _parse_tree() is called, the URL for the page being parsed can be 




1689




 





 





 





 





 





 



 found in $self->{_prev_url}. 




1690




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1691




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1692




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1693




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub _parse_tree 




1694




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1695




1





 





 




  
1
  




 





9



   my $self = shift; 




1696




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # This is a NOP stub.  Backend MUST define their own parse function! 




1697




1




  
 50
  




 





 





 





6



   print STDERR " FFF stub _parse_tree\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug}); 




1698




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # This is for backward-compatibility, for backends that define the 




1699




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # old parse_tree(), but not the new _parse_tree(): 




1700




1




  
 50
  




 





 





 





17



   return $self->parse_tree(@_) if $self->can('parse_tree'); 




1701




1





 





 





 





 





4



   return 0; 




1702




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # _parse_tree 




1703




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1704




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1705




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub _native_retrieve_some 




1706




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1707



  
0
  




 





 




  
0
  




 





0



   my $self = shift; 




1708



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   if ($self->can('native_retrieve_some')) 




1709




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1710




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # This is for backward-compatibility, for backends that define the 




1711




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # old native_retrieve_some(), but not the new 




1712




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # _native_retrieve_some(): 




1713



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     return $self->native_retrieve_some(@_); 




1714




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1715



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   print STDERR " FFF _n_r_s\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug}); 




1716




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Fast exit if already done: 




1717



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   return if (!defined($self->{_next_url})); 




1718



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   return if ($self->{_next_url} eq q{}); 




1719




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # If this is not the first page of results, sleep so as to not 




1720




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # overload the server: 




1721



  
0
  




 




  
  0
  




 





 





0



   $self->{_next_to_retrieve} ||= 1; 




1722




 





 





 





 





 





 



   $self->user_agent_delay if ( 




1723




 





 





 





 





 





 



                               (1 < $self->{_next_to_retrieve}) 




1724



  
0
  



  
  0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





0



                               || 




1725




 





 





 





 





 





 



                               $self->need_to_delay 




1726




 





 





 





 





 





 



                              ); 




1727




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Get one page of results: 




1728



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   print STDERR " +   submitting URL (", $self->{'_next_url'}, ")\n" if $self->{_debug}; 




1729



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   my $response = $self->http_request($self->http_method, $self->{'_next_url'}); 




1730



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   print STDERR " +     got response\n", $response->headers->as_string, "\n" if 2 <= $self->{_debug}; 




1731



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{_prev_url} = $self->{_next_url}; 




1732




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Assume there are no more results, unless we find out otherwise 




1733




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # when we parse the html: 




1734



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{_next_url} = undef; 




1735



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $self->{response} = $response; 




1736




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # print STDERR " --- HTTP response is:\n", $response->as_string if 4 < $self->{_debug}; 




1737



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   if (! $response->is_success) 




1738




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1739



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



     if ($self->{_debug}) 




1740




 





 





 





 





 





 



       { 




1741



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



       print STDERR " --- HTTP request failed, response is:\n", $response->as_string; 




1742




 





 





 





 





 





 



       } # if 




1743



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     return; 




1744




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # if 




1745




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Pre-process the output: 




1746



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   my $sPage = $self->preprocess_results_page($response->content); 




1747




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Parse the output: 




1748



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   my $tree; 




1749



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   if (ref $self->{'_treebuilder'}) 




1750




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1751




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # print STDERR " +   using existing _treebuilder\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug}; 




1752




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # Assume that the backend has installed their own TreeBuilder 




1753



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     $tree = $self->{'_treebuilder'}; 




1754




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } 




1755




 





 





 





 





 





 



   else 




1756




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1757




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # print STDERR " +   creating new _treebuilder\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug}; 




1758



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     $tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new( 




1759




 





 





 





 





 





 



                                    # use all default options 




1760




 





 





 





 





 





 



                                   ); 




1761



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     $tree->store_comments('yes'); 




1762



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



     $self->{'_treebuilder'} = $tree; 




1763




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } 




1764




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # If a reset() method becomes available in HTML::TreeBuilder, we can 




1765




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # change this: 




1766



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $tree->www_search_reset; 




1767




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # print STDERR " +   parsing content, tree is ", Dumper(\$tree) if 1 < $self->{_debug}; 




1768




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # use Encode; 




1769




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # my $sPageOctets = Encode::encode_utf8($sPage); 




1770



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $tree->utf8_mode('true'); 




1771



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $tree->parse($sPage); 




1772




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # print STDERR " +   done parsing content.\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug}; 




1773



  
0
  




 





 





 





 





0



   $tree->eof(); 




1774



  
0
  



  
  0
  




 





 





 





0



   print STDERR " +   calling _parse_tree...\n" if (1 < $self->{_debug}); 




1775




0





 





 





 





 





0



   return $self->_parse_tree($tree); 




1776




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # _native_retrieve_some 




1777




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1778




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1779




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item result_as_HTML 




1780




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1781




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Given a WWW::SearchResult object, formats it human-readable with HTML. 




1782




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1783




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1784




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1785




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub result_as_HTML 




1786




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1787




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # print STDERR " DDD r_as_H(@_)\n"; 




1788




6





 





 




  
6
  



  
1
  




422



   my $self = shift; 




1789




6




  
100
  




 





 





 





27



   my $oSR = shift or return ''; 




1790




3




  
100
  




 





 





 





21



   return '' unless (ref($oSR) =~ m'WWW::Search(::)?Result'); 




1791




1





 





 





 





 





11



   my $o = new CGI; 




1792




1





 





 





 





 





330



   return join('', 




1793




 





 





 





 





 





 



               $o->a( 




1794




 





 





 





 





 





 



                       { href => $oSR->url, }, 




1795




 





 





 





 





 





 



                     $oSR->title, 




1796




 





 





 





 





 





 



                    ), 




1797




 





 





 





 





 





 



               $o->br, 




1798




 





 





 





 





 





 



               $oSR->description, 




1799




 





 





 





 





 





 



              ); 




1800




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # result_as_HTML 




1801




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1802




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1803




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item preprocess_results_page 




1804




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1805




 





 





 





 





 





 



 A filter on the raw HTML of the results page. 




1806




 





 





 





 





 





 



 This allows the backend to alter the HTML before it is parsed, 




1807




 





 





 





 





 





 



 such as to correct for known problems, HTML that can not be parsed correctly, etc. 




1808




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1809




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Takes one argument, a string (the HTML webpage); 




1810




 





 





 





 





 





 



 returns one string (the same HTML, modified). 




1811




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1812




 





 





 





 





 





 



 This method is called from within _native_retrieve_some (above) 




1813




 





 





 





 





 





 



 before the HTML of the page is parsed. 




1814




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1815




 





 





 





 





 





 



 See the WWW::Search::Ebay distribution 2.07 or higher for example 




1816




 





 





 





 





 





 



 usage. 




1817




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1818




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1819




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1820




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub preprocess_results_page 




1821




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1822




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Here is just a stub.  Return our argument without modification. 




1823




2





 





 




  
2
  



  
1
  




12



   my $self = shift; 




1824




2





 





 





 





 





4



   return shift; 




1825




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # preprocess_results_page 




1826




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1827




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1828




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item test_cases (DEPRECATED) 




1829




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1830




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Deprecated. 




1831




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1832




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Returns the value of the $TEST_CASES variable of the backend engine. 




1833




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1834




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1835




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1836




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub test_cases 




1837




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1838




1





 





 




  
1
  



  
1
  




6



   my $self = shift; 




1839




1





 





 





 





 





46



   return eval '$'.ref($self).'::TEST_CASES'; 




1840




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # test_cases 




1841




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1842




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item hash_to_cgi_string (DEPRECATED) 




1843




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1844




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Given a reference to a hash of string => string, constructs a CGI 




1845




 





 





 





 





 





 



 parameter string that looks like 'key1=value1&key2=value2'. 




1846




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1847




 





 





 





 





 





 



 If the value is undef, the key will not be added to the string. 




1848




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1849




 





 





 





 





 





 



 At one time, for testing purposes, we asked backends to use this 




1850




 





 





 





 





 





 



 function rather than piecing the URL together by hand, to ensure that 




1851




 





 





 





 





 





 



 URLs are identical across platforms and software versions.  But this 




1852




 





 





 





 





 





 



 is no longer necessary. 




1853




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1854




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Example: 




1855




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1856




 





 





 





 





 





 



     $self->{_options} = { 




1857




 





 





 





 





 





 



                          'opt3' => 'val3', 




1858




 





 





 





 





 





 



                          'search_url' => 'http://www.deja.com/dnquery.xp', 




1859




 





 





 





 





 





 



                          'opt1' => 'val1', 




1860




 





 





 





 





 





 



                          'QRY' => $native_query, 




1861




 





 





 





 





 





 



                          'opt2' => 'val2', 




1862




 





 





 





 





 





 



                         }; 




1863




 





 





 





 





 





 



     $self->{_next_url} = $self->{_options}{'search_url'} .'?'. 




1864




 





 





 





 





 





 



                          $self->hash_to_cgi_string($self->{_options}); 




1865




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1866




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1867




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1868




 





 





 





 





 





 



 sub hash_to_cgi_string 




1869




 





 





 





 





 





 



   { 




1870




2





 





 




  
2
  



  
1
  




20



   my $self = shift; 




1871




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Because of the design of our test suite, we need our generated 




1872




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # URLs to be identical on all systems, all versions of perl.  Ergo 




1873




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # we must explicitly control the order in which our CGI parameter 




1874




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # strings are cobbled together.  For now, I assume sorting the hash 




1875




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # keys will suffice. 




1876




2





 





 





 





 





3



   my $rh = shift; 




1877




2





 





 





 





 





4



   my $ret = ''; 




1878




2





 





 





 





 





13



   foreach my $key (sort keys %$rh) 




1879




 





 





 





 





 





 



     { 




1880




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # printf STDERR "option: $key is " . $rh->{$key} . "\n"; 




1881




4




  
 50
  




 





 





 





11



     next if generic_option($key); 




1882




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # Throw out keys with undef values. 




1883




4




  
100
  




 





 





 





11



     next unless defined($rh->{$key}); 




1884




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # If we want to let the user delete options, uncomment the next 




1885




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # line. (They can still blank them out, which may or may not have 




1886




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # the same effect): 




1887




 





 





 





 





 





 



     # next unless $rh->{$key} ne ''; 




1888




3





 





 





 





 





9



     $ret .= $key .'='. $rh->{$key} .'&'; 




1889




 





 





 





 





 





 



     } # foreach $key 




1890




 





 





 





 





 





 



   # Remove the trailing '&': 




1891




2





 





 





 





 





6



   chop $ret; 




1892




2





 





 





 





 





4



   return $ret; 




1893




 





 





 





 





 





 



   } # hash_to_cgi_string 




1894




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1895




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1896




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =back 




1897




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1898




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =head1 IMPLEMENTING NEW BACKENDS 




1899




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1900




 





 





 





 





 





 



 C supports backends to separate search engines.  Each 




1901




 





 





 





 





 





 



 backend is implemented as a subclass of C. 




1902




 





 





 





 





 





 



 L provides a good sample backend. 




1903




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1904




 





 





 





 





 





 



 A backend must have the routine C<_native_setup_search()>.  A backend 




1905




 





 





 





 





 





 



 must have the routine C<_native_retrieve_some()> or C<_parse_tree()>. 




1906




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1907




 





 





 





 





 





 



 C<_native_setup_search()> is invoked before the search.  It is passed 




1908




 





 





 





 





 





 



 a single argument: the escaped, native version of the query. 




1909




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1910




 





 





 





 





 





 



 C<_native_retrieve_some()> is the core of a backend.  It will be called 




1911




 





 





 





 





 





 



 periodically to fetch URLs.  It should retrieve several hits from the 




1912




 





 





 





 





 





 



 search service and add them to the cache.  It should return the number 




1913




 





 





 





 





 





 



 of hits found, or undef when there are no more hits. 




1914




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1915




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Internally, C<_native_retrieve_some()> typically sends an HTTP request to 




1916




 





 





 





 





 





 



 the search service, parses the HTML, extracts the links and 




1917




 





 





 





 





 





 



 descriptions, then saves the URL for the next page of results.  See 




1918




 





 





 





 





 





 



 the code for the C module for an example. 




1919




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1920




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Alternatively, a backend can define the method C<_parse_tree()> instead 




1921




 





 





 





 





 





 



 of C<_native_retrieve_some()>.  See the C module for a 




1922




 





 





 





 





 





 



 good example. 




1923




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1924




 





 





 





 





 





 



 If you implement a new backend, please let the authors know. 




1925




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1926




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1927




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =head1 BUGS AND DESIRED FEATURES 




1928




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1929




 





 





 





 





 





 



 The bugs are there for you to find (some people call them Easter Eggs). 




1930




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1931




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Desired features: 




1932




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1933




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =over 4 




1934




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1935




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =item A portable query language. 




1936




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1937




 





 





 





 





 





 



 A portable language would easily allow you to move queries easily 




1938




 





 





 





 





 





 



 between different search engines.  A query abstraction is non-trivial 




1939




 





 





 





 





 





 



 and unfortunately will not be done any time soon by the current 




1940




 





 





 





 





 





 



 maintainer.  If you want to take a shot at it, please let me know. 




1941




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1942




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =back 




1943




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1944




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =head1 AUTHOR 




1945




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1946




 





 





 





 





 





 



 John Heidemann  




1947




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Maintained by Martin Thurn, C, L. 




1948




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1949




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =head1 COPYRIGHT 




1950




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1951




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Copyright (c) 1996 University of Southern California. 




1952




 





 





 





 





 





 



 All rights reserved. 




1953




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1954




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted 




1955




 





 





 





 





 





 



 provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are 




1956




 





 





 





 





 





 



 duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising 




1957




 





 





 





 





 





 



 materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use 




1958




 





 





 





 





 





 



 acknowledge that the software was developed by the University of 




1959




 





 





 





 





 





 



 Southern California, Information Sciences Institute.  The name of the 




1960




 





 





 





 





 





 



 University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from 




1961




 





 





 





 





 





 



 this software without specific prior written permission. 




1962




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1963




 





 





 





 





 





 



 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED 




1964




 





 





 





 





 





 



 WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 




1965




 





 





 





 





 





 



 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 




1966




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1967




 





 





 





 





 





 



 =cut 




1968




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1969




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1970




 





 





 





 





 





 



 1; 




1971




 





 





 





 





 





 



   




1972




 





 





 





 





 





 



 __END__
	    chomp;
	    $self->{search_from_file_hash}{$_} = $i;
	    # print STDERR "$0: file index: $i <$_>\n";
	    $i++;
	};
	close TABLE;
    };
    # read file
    my $i = $self->{search_from_file_hash}{$url};
    if (defined($i)) {
	# print STDERR "$0: saved request <$url> found in $fn.$i\n";
	# read the data
	open(FILE, "<$fn.$i") || die "$0: open $fn.$i\n";
	my $d = '';
	while () {
	    $d .= $_;
	};
	close FILE;
	# make up the response
	my $r = new HTTP::Response(RC_OK);
	$r->content($d);
	return $r;
    } else {
	print STDERR "$0: saved request <$url> not found.\n";
	my $r = new HTTP::Response(RC_NOT_FOUND);
	return $r;
    };
} # _http_request_from_file

sub _http_request_to_file {
    my $self = shift;
    # The LAST arg is a LWP::Response object:
    my $response = pop;
    # The only other arg we care about is the FIRST arg, a url:
    my ($url, ) = @_;

    my $fn = $self->_http_request_get_filename();

    unlink($fn)
        if ($self->{search_to_file_index} == 0);
    open(TABLE, ">>$fn") || die "$0: open $fn\n";
    print TABLE "$url\n";
    close TABLE;
    my $i = ($self->{search_to_file_index})++;
    open (FILE, ">$fn.$i") || die "$0: open $fn.$i\n";
    print FILE $response->content();
    close FILE;
} # _http_request_to_file


=item next_url

Get or set the URL for the next backend request.  This can be used to
save the WWW::Search state between sessions (e.g. if you are showing
pages of results to the user in a web browser).  Before closing down a
session, save the value of next_url:

  ...
  $oSearch->maximum_to_return(10);
  while ($oSearch->next_result) { ... }
  my $urlSave = $oSearch->next_url;

Then, when you start up the next session (e.g. after the user clicks
your "next" button), restore this value before calling for the results:

  $oSearch->native_query(...);
  $oSearch->next_url($urlSave);
  $oSearch->maximum_to_return(20);
  while ($oSearch->next_result) { ... }

WARNING: It is entirely up to you to keep your interface in sync with
the number of hits per page being returned from the backend.  And, we
make no guarantees whether this method will work for any given
backend.  (Their caching scheme might not enable you to jump into the
middle of a list of search results, for example.)

=cut

sub next_url
  {
  return shift->_elem('_next_url', @_);
  }


=item split_lines

This internal routine splits data (typically the result of the web
page retrieval) into lines in a way that is OS independent.  If the
first argument is a reference to an array, that array is taken to be a
list of possible delimiters for this split.  For example, Yahoo.pm
uses  and  as "line" delimiters for convenience.

=cut

sub split_lines
  {
  # This probably fails on an EBCDIC box where input is in text mode.
  # Too bad Macs do not just use binmode like Windows boxen.
  my $self = shift;
  my $s = shift;
  my $patt = '\015?\012';
  if (ref($s))
    {
    $patt = '('. $patt;
    foreach (@$s)
      {
      $patt .= "|$_";
      } # foreach
    $patt .= ')';
    # print STDERR " +     patt is >>>$patt<<<\n";
    $s = shift;
    } # if
  return split(/$patt/i, $s);
  # If we require perl 5.005, this can be done by:
  # use Socket qw(:crlf :DEFAULT);
  # split(/$CR?$LF/,$_[0])
  } # split_lines


=item generic_option

This internal routine checks if an option
is generic or backend specific.
Currently all generic options begin with 'search_'.
This routine is not a method.

=cut

sub generic_option
  {
  my $option = shift || '';
  return ($option =~ /^search_/);
  } # generic_option


=item _native_setup_search

Do some backend-specific initialization.
It will be called with the same arguments as native_query().

=cut

sub _native_setup_search
  {
  my $self = shift;
  print STDERR " FFF _n_s_s\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  # Backward-compatibility for backends that define the old
  # native_setup_search(), but not the new _native_setup_search()
  if ($self->can('native_setup_search'))
    {
    return $self->native_setup_search(@_);
    } # if
  } # _native_setup_search


=item setup_search

This internal routine does generic Search setup.
It calls C<_native_setup_search()> to do backend-specific setup.

=cut

sub setup_search
  {
  my ($self) = @_;
  print STDERR " FFF setup_search(",$self->{'native_query'},")\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  $self->{cache} = [];
  $self->{next_to_retrieve} = 1;
  $self->{number_retrieved} = 0;
  $self->{state} = SEARCH_UNDERWAY;
  # $self->{_options} = ();
  $self->_native_setup_search($self->{'native_query'}, $self->{'native_options'});
  } # setup_search


=item need_to_delay

A backend should override this method in order to dictate whether
user_agent_delay() needs to be called before the next HTTP request is
sent.  Return any perlish true or zero value.

=cut

sub need_to_delay
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # This is a NOP stub.  Unless the subclass overrides this method,
  # there is no reason to delay.
  return 0;
  } # need_to_delay


=item user_agent_delay

According to what need_to_delay() returns,
user_agent_delay() will be called between requests to remote
servers to avoid overloading them with many back-to-back requests.

=cut

sub user_agent_delay
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # Sleep for some number of seconds:
  select(undef, undef, undef, $self->{interrequest_delay});
  } # user_agent_delay


=item absurl

An internal routine to convert a relative URL into a absolute URL.  It
takes two arguments, the 'base' url (usually the search engine CGI
URL) and the URL to be converted.  Returns a URI object.

=cut

sub absurl
  {
  my ($self, $base, $url) = @_;
  $base ||= '';
  $url ||= '';
  # print STDERR " +   this is WWW::Search::absurl($base,$url)\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug};
  $base = $self->{_prev_url} if ($base eq '');
  return '' unless (($url ne '') && ($base ne ''));
  my $link = URI->new_abs($url, $base);
  return $link;
  } # absurl


=item retrieve_some

An internal routine to interface with C<_native_retrieve_some()>.
Checks for overflow.

=cut

sub retrieve_some
  {
  my $self = shift;
  print STDERR " FFF retrieve_some(", $self->{'native_query'}, ")\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  return undef if ($self->{state} == SEARCH_DONE);
  $self->setup_search() if ($self->{state} == SEARCH_BEFORE);
  $self->{state} = SEARCH_RETRIEVING;
  if (! $self->{'_allow_empty_query'})
    {
    if (! defined($self->{'native_query'}))
      {
      $self->{response} = new HTTP::Response(500, "query string is not defined");
      $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE;
      return;
      } # if
    if ($self->{'native_query'} eq '')
      {
      $self->{response} = new HTTP::Response(500, "query string is empty");
      $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE;
      return;
      } # if
    } # if
  # Got enough already?
  if ($self->{number_retrieved} >= $self->{'maximum_to_retrieve'})
    {
    print STDERR " DDD retrieve_some() got enough already\n" if (DEBUG_RETR || $self->{_debug});
    $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE;
    return;
    } # if
  # Spinning our wheels?
  if ($self->{requests_made} > $self->{'maximum_to_retrieve'})
    {
    print STDERR " DDD retrieve_some() too many requests\n" if (DEBUG_RETR || $self->{_debug});
    $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE;
    return;
    } # if
  # Need more results:
  my $res = $self->_native_retrieve_some() || 0;
  print STDERR " +   _native_retrieve_some() returned $res\n" if (DEBUG_RETR || $self->{_debug});
  $self->{requests_made}++;
  $self->{number_retrieved} += $res;
  $self->{state} = SEARCH_DONE if ($res == 0);
  return $res;
  } # retrieve_some


sub HTML::TreeBuilder::www_search_reset
  {
  # If a reset() method becomes available in HTML::TreeBuilder, we
  # won't need this any more.
  my $self = shift;
  $self->delete;
  # These 4 lines copied from HTML::TreeBuilder::new
  $self->{'_head'} = $self->insert_element('head',1);
  $self->{'_pos'} = undef; # pull it back up
  $self->{'_body'} = $self->insert_element('body',1);
  $self->{'_pos'} = undef; # pull it back up again
  } # HTML::TreeBuilder::www_search_reset


=item _native_retrieve_some

Fetch the next page of results from the web engine, parse the results,
and prepare for the next page of results.

If a backend defines this method, it is in total control of the WWW
fetch, parsing, and preparing for the next page of results.  See the
WWW::Search::AltaVista module for example usage of the
_native_retrieve_some method.

An easier way to achieve this in a backend is to inherit
_native_retrieve_some from WWW::Search, and do only the HTML parsing.
Simply define a method _parse_tree which takes one argument, an
HTML::TreeBuilder object, and returns an integer, the number of
results found on this page.  See the WWW::Search::Yahoo module for
example usage of the _parse_tree method.

A backend should, in general, define either _parse_tree() or
_native_retrieve_some(), but not both.

Additional features of the default _native_retrieve_some method:

Sets $self->{_prev_url} to the URL of the page just retrieved.

Calls $self->preprocess_results_page() on the raw HTML of the page.

Then, parses the page with an HTML::TreeBuilder object and passes that
populated object to $self->_parse_tree().

Additional notes on using the _parse_tree method:

The built-in HTML::TreeBuilder object used to parse the page has
store_comments turned ON.  If a backend needs to use a subclassed or
modified HTML::TreeBuilder object, the backend should set
$self->{'_treebuilder'} to that object before any results are
retrieved.  The best place to do this is at the end of
_native_setup_search.

  my $oTree = new myTreeBuilder;
  $oTree->store_pis(1);  # for example
  $self->{'_treebuilder'} = $oTree;

When _parse_tree() is called, the $self->next_url is cleared.
During parsing, the backend should set $self->next_url to the appropriate URL for the next page of results.
(If _parse_tree() does not set the value, the search will end after parsing this page of results.)

When _parse_tree() is called, the URL for the page being parsed can be
found in $self->{_prev_url}.

=cut

sub _parse_tree
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # This is a NOP stub.  Backend MUST define their own parse function!
  print STDERR " FFF stub _parse_tree\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  # This is for backward-compatibility, for backends that define the
  # old parse_tree(), but not the new _parse_tree():
  return $self->parse_tree(@_) if $self->can('parse_tree');
  return 0;
  } # _parse_tree


sub _native_retrieve_some
  {
  my $self = shift;
  if ($self->can('native_retrieve_some'))
    {
    # This is for backward-compatibility, for backends that define the
    # old native_retrieve_some(), but not the new
    # _native_retrieve_some():
    return $self->native_retrieve_some(@_);
    } # if
  print STDERR " FFF _n_r_s\n" if (DEBUG_FUNC || $self->{_debug});
  # Fast exit if already done:
  return if (!defined($self->{_next_url}));
  return if ($self->{_next_url} eq q{});
  # If this is not the first page of results, sleep so as to not
  # overload the server:
  $self->{_next_to_retrieve} ||= 1;
  $self->user_agent_delay if (
                              (1 < $self->{_next_to_retrieve})
                              ||
                              $self->need_to_delay
                             );
  # Get one page of results:
  print STDERR " +   submitting URL (", $self->{'_next_url'}, ")\n" if $self->{_debug};
  my $response = $self->http_request($self->http_method, $self->{'_next_url'});
  print STDERR " +     got response\n", $response->headers->as_string, "\n" if 2 <= $self->{_debug};
  $self->{_prev_url} = $self->{_next_url};
  # Assume there are no more results, unless we find out otherwise
  # when we parse the html:
  $self->{_next_url} = undef;
  $self->{response} = $response;
  # print STDERR " --- HTTP response is:\n", $response->as_string if 4 < $self->{_debug};
  if (! $response->is_success)
    {
    if ($self->{_debug})
      {
      print STDERR " --- HTTP request failed, response is:\n", $response->as_string;
      } # if
    return;
    } # if
  # Pre-process the output:
  my $sPage = $self->preprocess_results_page($response->content);
  # Parse the output:
  my $tree;
  if (ref $self->{'_treebuilder'})
    {
    # print STDERR " +   using existing _treebuilder\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug};
    # Assume that the backend has installed their own TreeBuilder
    $tree = $self->{'_treebuilder'};
    }
  else
    {
    # print STDERR " +   creating new _treebuilder\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug};
    $tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new(
                                   # use all default options
                                  );
    $tree->store_comments('yes');
    $self->{'_treebuilder'} = $tree;
    }
  # If a reset() method becomes available in HTML::TreeBuilder, we can
  # change this:
  $tree->www_search_reset;
  # print STDERR " +   parsing content, tree is ", Dumper(\$tree) if 1 < $self->{_debug};
  # use Encode;
  # my $sPageOctets = Encode::encode_utf8($sPage);
  $tree->utf8_mode('true');
  $tree->parse($sPage);
  # print STDERR " +   done parsing content.\n" if 1 < $self->{_debug};
  $tree->eof();
  print STDERR " +   calling _parse_tree...\n" if (1 < $self->{_debug});
  return $self->_parse_tree($tree);
  } # _native_retrieve_some


=item result_as_HTML

Given a WWW::SearchResult object, formats it human-readable with HTML.

=cut

sub result_as_HTML
  {
  # print STDERR " DDD r_as_H(@_)\n";
  my $self = shift;
  my $oSR = shift or return '';
  return '' unless (ref($oSR) =~ m'WWW::Search(::)?Result');
  my $o = new CGI;
  return join('',
              $o->a(
                      { href => $oSR->url, },
                    $oSR->title,
                   ),
              $o->br,
              $oSR->description,
             );
  } # result_as_HTML


=item preprocess_results_page

A filter on the raw HTML of the results page.
This allows the backend to alter the HTML before it is parsed,
such as to correct for known problems, HTML that can not be parsed correctly, etc.

Takes one argument, a string (the HTML webpage);
returns one string (the same HTML, modified).

This method is called from within _native_retrieve_some (above)
before the HTML of the page is parsed.

See the WWW::Search::Ebay distribution 2.07 or higher for example
usage.

=cut

sub preprocess_results_page
  {
  # Here is just a stub.  Return our argument without modification.
  my $self = shift;
  return shift;
  } # preprocess_results_page


=item test_cases (DEPRECATED)

Deprecated.

Returns the value of the $TEST_CASES variable of the backend engine.

=cut

sub test_cases
  {
  my $self = shift;
  return eval '$'.ref($self).'::TEST_CASES';
  } # test_cases

=item hash_to_cgi_string (DEPRECATED)

Given a reference to a hash of string => string, constructs a CGI
parameter string that looks like 'key1=value1&key2=value2'.

If the value is undef, the key will not be added to the string.

At one time, for testing purposes, we asked backends to use this
function rather than piecing the URL together by hand, to ensure that
URLs are identical across platforms and software versions.  But this
is no longer necessary.

Example:

    $self->{_options} = {
                         'opt3' => 'val3',
                         'search_url' => 'http://www.deja.com/dnquery.xp',
                         'opt1' => 'val1',
                         'QRY' => $native_query,
                         'opt2' => 'val2',
                        };
    $self->{_next_url} = $self->{_options}{'search_url'} .'?'.
                         $self->hash_to_cgi_string($self->{_options});

=cut

sub hash_to_cgi_string
  {
  my $self = shift;
  # Because of the design of our test suite, we need our generated
  # URLs to be identical on all systems, all versions of perl.  Ergo
  # we must explicitly control the order in which our CGI parameter
  # strings are cobbled together.  For now, I assume sorting the hash
  # keys will suffice.
  my $rh = shift;
  my $ret = '';
  foreach my $key (sort keys %$rh)
    {
    # printf STDERR "option: $key is " . $rh->{$key} . "\n";
    next if generic_option($key);
    # Throw out keys with undef values.
    next unless defined($rh->{$key});
    # If we want to let the user delete options, uncomment the next
    # line. (They can still blank them out, which may or may not have
    # the same effect):
    # next unless $rh->{$key} ne '';
    $ret .= $key .'='. $rh->{$key} .'&';
    } # foreach $key
  # Remove the trailing '&':
  chop $ret;
  return $ret;
  } # hash_to_cgi_string


=back

=head1 IMPLEMENTING NEW BACKENDS

C supports backends to separate search engines.  Each
backend is implemented as a subclass of C.
L provides a good sample backend.

A backend must have the routine C<_native_setup_search()>.  A backend
must have the routine C<_native_retrieve_some()> or C<_parse_tree()>.

C<_native_setup_search()> is invoked before the search.  It is passed
a single argument: the escaped, native version of the query.

C<_native_retrieve_some()> is the core of a backend.  It will be called
periodically to fetch URLs.  It should retrieve several hits from the
search service and add them to the cache.  It should return the number
of hits found, or undef when there are no more hits.

Internally, C<_native_retrieve_some()> typically sends an HTTP request to
the search service, parses the HTML, extracts the links and
descriptions, then saves the URL for the next page of results.  See
the code for the C module for an example.

Alternatively, a backend can define the method C<_parse_tree()> instead
of C<_native_retrieve_some()>.  See the C module for a
good example.

If you implement a new backend, please let the authors know.


=head1 BUGS AND DESIRED FEATURES

The bugs are there for you to find (some people call them Easter Eggs).

Desired features:

=over 4

=item A portable query language.

A portable language would easily allow you to move queries easily
between different search engines.  A query abstraction is non-trivial
and unfortunately will not be done any time soon by the current
maintainer.  If you want to take a shot at it, please let me know.

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

John Heidemann
Maintained by Martin Thurn, C, L.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 1996 University of Southern California.
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising
materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use
acknowledge that the software was developed by the University of
Southern California, Information Sciences Institute.  The name of the
University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

=cut


1;

__END__