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package ShardedKV; |
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$ShardedKV::VERSION = '0.20'; |
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76569
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use Moose; |
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# ABSTRACT: An interface to sharded key-value stores |
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require ShardedKV::Storage; |
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require ShardedKV::Storage::Memory; |
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require ShardedKV::Continuum; |
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has 'continuum' => ( |
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is => 'rw', |
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does => 'ShardedKV::Continuum', |
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required => 1, |
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); |
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has 'migration_continuum' => ( |
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is => 'rw', |
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does => 'ShardedKV::Continuum', |
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); |
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has 'storages' => ( |
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is => 'ro', |
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isa => 'HashRef', # of ShardedKV::Storage doing-things |
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default => sub { +{} }, |
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); |
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has 'logger' => ( |
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is => 'rw', |
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); |
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# bypassing accessors since this is a hot path |
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sub get { |
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my ($self, $key) = @_; |
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my ($mig_cont, $cont) = @{$self}{qw(migration_continuum continuum)}; |
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# dumb code for efficiency (otherwise, this would be a loop or in methods) |
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my $logger = $self->{logger}; |
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my $do_debug = ($logger and $logger->is_debug) ? 1 : 0; |
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my $storages = $self->{storages}; |
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my $chosen_shard; |
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my $value_ref; |
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if (defined $mig_cont) { |
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$chosen_shard = $mig_cont->choose($key); |
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$logger->debug("get()using migration continuum, got storage '$chosen_shard'") if $do_debug; |
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my $storage = $storages->{ $chosen_shard }; |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$chosen_shard' via key '$key'" |
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if not $storage; |
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$value_ref = $storage->get($key); |
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} |
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if (not defined $value_ref) { |
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my $where = $cont->choose($key); |
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$logger->debug("get()using regular continuum, got storage '$where'") if $do_debug; |
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if (!$chosen_shard or $where ne $chosen_shard) { |
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my $storage = $storages->{ $where }; |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$where' via key '$key'" |
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if not $storage; |
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$value_ref = $storage->get($key); |
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} |
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} |
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return $value_ref; |
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} |
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# bypassing accessors since this is a hot path |
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sub set { |
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my ($self, $key, $value_ref) = @_; |
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my $continuum = $self->{migration_continuum}; |
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$continuum = $self->{continuum} if not defined $continuum; |
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my $where = $continuum->choose($key); |
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my $storage = $self->{storages}{$where}; |
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if (not $storage) { |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$where' via key '$key'"; |
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} |
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$storage->set($key, $value_ref); |
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} |
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sub delete { |
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my ($self, $key) = @_; |
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my ($mig_cont, $cont) = @{$self}{qw(migration_continuum continuum)}; |
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# dumb code for efficiency (otherwise, this would be a loop or in methods) |
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my $logger = $self->{logger}; |
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my $do_debug = ($logger and $logger->is_debug) ? 1 : 0; |
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my $storages = $self->{storages}; |
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my $chosen_shard; |
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# Try deleting from shard pointed at by migr. cont. first |
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if (defined $mig_cont) { |
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$chosen_shard = $mig_cont->choose($key); |
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$logger->debug("Deleting from migration continuum, got storage '$chosen_shard'") if $do_debug; |
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my $storage = $storages->{ $chosen_shard }; |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$chosen_shard' via key '$key'" |
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if not $storage; |
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$storage->delete($key); |
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} |
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# ALWAYS also delete from the shard pointed at by the main continuum |
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my $where = $cont->choose($key); |
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$logger->debug("Deleting from continuum, got storage '$where'") if $do_debug; |
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if (!$chosen_shard or $where ne $chosen_shard) { |
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my $storage = $storages->{ $where }; |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$where' via key '$key'" |
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if not $storage; |
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$storage->delete($key); |
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} |
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} |
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sub reset_connection { |
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my ($self, $key) = @_; |
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my ($mig_cont, $cont) = @{$self}{qw(migration_continuum continuum)}; |
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# dumb code for efficiency (otherwise, this would be a loop or in methods) |
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my $logger = $self->{logger}; |
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my $do_debug = ($logger and $logger->is_debug) ? 1 : 0; |
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my $storages = $self->{storages}; |
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my $chosen_shard; |
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# Reset the shard pointed at by migr. cont. first |
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if (defined $mig_cont) { |
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$chosen_shard = $mig_cont->choose($key); |
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$logger->debug("Resetting the connection to the shard from migration continuum, got storage '$chosen_shard'") if $do_debug; |
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my $storage = $storages->{ $chosen_shard }; |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$chosen_shard' via key '$key'" |
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if not $storage; |
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$storage->reset_connection(); |
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} |
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# Reset the shard from the main continuum |
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my $where = $cont->choose($key); |
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$logger->debug("Resetting the connection to the shard from the main continuum, got storage '$where'") if $do_debug; |
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if (!$chosen_shard or $where ne $chosen_shard) { |
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my $storage = $storages->{ $where }; |
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die "Failed to find chosen storage (server) for id '$where' via key '$key'" |
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if not $storage; |
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$storage->reset_connection(); |
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} |
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} |
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158
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159
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sub begin_migration { |
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my ($self, $migration_continuum) = @_; |
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162
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my $logger = $self->{logger}; |
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if ($self->migration_continuum) { |
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my $err = "Cannot start a continuum migration in the middle of another migration"; |
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$logger->fatal($err) if $logger; |
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Carp::croak($err); |
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} |
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$logger->info("Starting continuum migration") if $logger; |
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170
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$self->migration_continuum($migration_continuum); |
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} |
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173
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174
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sub end_migration { |
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my ($self) = @_; |
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my $logger = $self->{logger}; |
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$logger->info("Ending continuum migration") if $logger; |
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179
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$self->continuum($self->migration_continuum); |
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delete $self->{migration_continuum}; |
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} |
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183
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no Moose; |
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__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable; |
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186
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=pod |
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188
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=head1 NAME |
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190
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ShardedKV - An interface to sharded key-value stores |
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192
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=head1 VERSION |
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194
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version 0.20 |
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196
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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198
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use ShardedKV; |
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use ShardedKV::Continuum::Ketama; |
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use ShardedKV::Storage::Redis; |
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202
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my $continuum_spec = [ |
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["shard1", 100], # shard name, weight |
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["shard2", 150], |
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]; |
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my $continuum = ShardedKV::Continuum::Ketama->new(from => $continuum_spec); |
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# Redis storage chosen here, but can also be "Memory" or "MySQL". |
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# "Memory" is for testing. Mixing storages likely has weird side effects. |
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my %storages = ( |
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shard1 => ShardedKV::Storage::Redis->new( |
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redis_connect_str => 'redisserver:6379', |
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), |
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shard2 => ShardedKV::Storage::Redis->new( |
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redis_connect_str => 'redisserver:6380', |
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), |
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); |
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219
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my $skv = ShardedKV->new( |
220
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storages => \%storages, |
221
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continuum => $continuum, |
222
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); |
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224
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my $value = $skv->get($key); |
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$skv->set($key, $value); |
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$skv->delete($key); |
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228
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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230
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This module implements an abstract interface to a sharded key-value store. |
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The storage backends as well as the "continuum" are pluggable. "Continuum" |
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is to mean "the logic that decides in which shard a particular key lives". |
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Typically, people use consistent hashing for this purpose and very commonly |
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the choice is to use ketama specifically. See below for references. |
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Beside the abstract querying interface, this module also implements logic |
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to add one or more servers to the continuum and use passive key migration |
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to extend capacity without downtime. Do make it a point to understand the |
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logic before using it. More on that below. |
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=head2 LOGGING |
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ShardedKV allows instrumentation for logging and debugging by setting |
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the C<logger> attribute of the main ShardedKV object, and/or its |
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continuum and/or any or all storage sub-objects. If set, the |
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C<logger> attribute must be an object implementing the following methods: |
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=over 4 |
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=item * |
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trace |
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=item * |
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debug |
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=item * |
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info |
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=item * |
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warn |
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=item * |
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error |
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=item * |
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fatal |
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=back |
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which take a string parameter that is to be logged. |
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These logging levels might be familiar since they are taken from L<Log::Log4perl>, |
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which means that you can use a C<Log::Log4perl::Logger> object here. |
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Additionally, the following methods must return whether or not the given log |
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level is enabled, to potentially avoid costly construction of log messages: |
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=over 4 |
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=item * |
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is_trace |
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=item * |
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is_debug |
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=item * |
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is_info |
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=item * |
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is_warn |
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=item * |
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is_error |
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=item * |
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is_fatal |
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=back |
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=head1 PUBLIC ATTRIBUTES |
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=head2 continuum |
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The continuum object decides on which shard a given key lives. |
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This is required for a C<ShardedKV> object and must be an object |
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that implements the C<ShardedKV::Continuum> role. |
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=head2 migration_continuum |
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This is a second continuum object that has additional shards configured. |
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If this is set, a passive key migration is in effect. See C<begin_migration> |
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below! |
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=head2 storages |
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A hashref of storage objects, each of which represents one shard. |
328
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Keys in the hash must be the same labels/shard names that are used |
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in the continuum. Each storage object must implement the |
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C<ShardedKV::Storage> role. |
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332
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=head2 logger |
333
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334
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If set, this must be a user-supplied object that implements |
335
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a certain number of methods which are called throughout ShardedKV |
336
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for logging/debugging purposes. See L</LOGGING> for details. |
337
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338
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=head1 PUBLIC METHODS |
339
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340
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=head2 get |
341
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342
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Given a key, fetches the value for that key from the correct shard |
343
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and returns that value or undef on failure. |
344
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345
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Different storage backends may return a reference to the value instead. |
346
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For example, the Redis and Memory backends return scalar references, |
347
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whereas the mysql backend returns an array reference. This might still |
348
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change, likely, all backends may be required to return scalar references |
349
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in the future. |
350
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351
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=head2 set |
352
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353
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Given a key and a value, saves the value into the key within the |
354
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correct shard. |
355
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356
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The value needs to be a reference of the same type that would be |
357
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returned by the storage backend when calling C<get()>. See the |
358
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discussion above. |
359
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360
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=head2 delete |
361
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362
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Given a key, deletes the key's entry from the correct shard. |
363
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364
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In a migration situation, this might attempt to delete the key from |
365
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multiple shards, see below. |
366
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367
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=head2 reset_connection |
368
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369
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Given a key, it retrieves to which shard it would have communicated and calls |
370
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reset_connection() upon it. This allows doing a reconnect only for the shards |
371
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that have problems. If there is a migration_continuum it will also reset the |
372
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connection to that shard as well in an abundance of caution. |
373
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374
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=head2 begin_migration |
375
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376
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Given a C<ShardedKV::Continuum> object, this sets the |
377
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C<migration_continuum> property of the C<ShardedKV>, thus |
378
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beginning a I<passive> key migration. Right now, the only |
379
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kind of migration that is supported is I<adding> shards! |
380
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Only one migration may be in effect at a time. The |
381
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I<passive> qualification there is very significant. If you are, |
382
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for example, using the Redis storage backend with a key |
383
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expiration of one hour, then you B<know>, that after letting |
384
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the passive migration run for one hour, all keys that are |
385
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still relevant will have been migrated (or expired if they |
386
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were not relevant). |
387
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388
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Full migration example: |
389
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390
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|
use ShardedKV; |
391
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|
use ShardedKV::Continuum::Ketama; |
392
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|
use ShardedKV::Storage::Redis; |
393
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394
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|
my $continuum_spec = [ |
395
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|
|
["shard1", 100], # shard name, weight |
396
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|
|
["shard2", 150], |
397
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]; |
398
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|
my $continuum = ShardedKV::Continuum::Ketama->new(from => $continuum_spec); |
399
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400
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# Redis storage chosen here, but can also be "Memory" or "MySQL". |
401
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|
|
# "Memory" is for testing. Mixing storages likely has weird side effects. |
402
|
|
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|
|
my %storages = ( |
403
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|
|
shard1 => ShardedKV::Storage::Redis->new( |
404
|
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|
|
redis_connect_str => 'redisserver:6379', |
405
|
|
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|
|
expiration_time => 60*60, |
406
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), |
407
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|
|
shard2 => ShardedKV::Storage::Redis->new( |
408
|
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|
|
redis_connect_str => 'redisserver:6380', |
409
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|
expiration_time => 60*60, |
410
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), |
411
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); |
412
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413
|
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|
|
my $skv = ShardedKV->new( |
414
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|
|
storages => \%storages, |
415
|
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|
|
continuum => $continuum, |
416
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); |
417
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|
# ... use the skv ... |
418
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419
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|
# Oh, we need to extend it! |
420
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|
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|
|
# Add storages: |
421
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|
|
$skv->storages->{shard3} = ShardedKV::Storage::Redis->new( |
422
|
|
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|
|
redis_connect_str => 'NEWredisserver:6379', |
423
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|
|
expiration_time => 60*60, |
424
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); |
425
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|
|
# ... could add more at the same time... |
426
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|
|
my $old_continuum = $skv->continuum; |
427
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|
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|
|
|
|
my $extended_continuum = $old_continuum->clone; |
428
|
|
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|
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|
|
$extended_continuum->extend([shard3 => 120]); |
429
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|
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|
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|
|
$skv->begin_migration($extended_continuum); |
430
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|
|
# ... use the skv normally... |
431
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|
|
# ... after one hour (60*60 seconds), we can stop the migration: |
432
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|
|
$skv->end_migration(); |
433
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|
434
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The logic for the migration is fairly simple: |
435
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
436
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If there is a migration continuum, then for get requests, that continuum |
437
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|
|
|
|
|
|
is used to find the right shard for the given key. If that shard does not |
438
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|
|
have the key, we check the original continuum and if that points the key |
439
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|
|
at a different shard, we query that. |
440
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441
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For delete requests, we also attempt to delete from the shard pointed to |
442
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|
|
by the migration continuum AND the shard pointed to by the main continuum. |
443
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444
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For set requests, we always only use the shard deduced from the migration |
445
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continuum |
446
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|
447
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|
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C<end_migration()> will promote the migration continuum to the regular |
448
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|
|
continuum and set the C<migration_continuum> property to undef. |
449
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|
450
|
|
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|
|
=head2 end_migration |
451
|
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|
452
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See the C<begin_migration> docs above. |
453
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
454
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO |
455
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=over 4 |
457
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
460
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Storage> |
461
|
|
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|
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|
|
462
|
|
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|
|
|
|
=item * |
463
|
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|
|
|
464
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Storage::Redis> |
465
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
466
|
|
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|
|
|
|
=item * |
467
|
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|
468
|
|
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|
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|
|
L<Redis> |
469
|
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|
|
470
|
|
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|
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|
|
=item * |
471
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
472
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Storage::Memory> |
473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
475
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Storage::MySQL> |
477
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
479
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<DBI> |
481
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
483
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<DBD::mysql> |
485
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=back |
487
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=over 4 |
489
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
491
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Continuum> |
493
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
494
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
495
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Continuum::Ketama> |
497
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<Algorithm::ConsistentHash::Ketama> |
501
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
503
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<https://github.com/RJ/ketama> |
505
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
507
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
508
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L<ShardedKV::Continuum::StaticMapping> |
509
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=back |
511
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
512
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 ACKNLOWLEDGMENT |
513
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This module was originally developed for Booking.com. |
515
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With approval from Booking.com, this module was generalized |
516
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and put on CPAN, for which the authors would like to express |
517
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
their gratitude. |
518
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHORS |
520
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=over 4 |
522
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
524
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steffen Mueller <smueller@cpan.org> |
526
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
528
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
529
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nick Perez <nperez@cpan.org> |
530
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
532
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
533
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Damian Gryski <dgryski@cpan.org> |
534
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
535
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=back |
536
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
537
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
538
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Steffen Mueller. |
540
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under |
542
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. |
543
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
545
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
546
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__END__ |
547
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# vim: ts=2 sw=2 et |