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code |
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package Plack::Middleware::PrettyException; |
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# ABSTRACT: Capture exceptions and present them as HTML or JSON |
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our $VERSION = '1.009'; # VERSION |
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1
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1
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719
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use 5.010; |
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1
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use strict; |
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1
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use warnings; |
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use parent qw(Plack::Middleware); |
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use Plack::Util; |
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1
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1
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use Plack::Util::Accessor qw(force_json); |
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1
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1
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use HTTP::Headers; |
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1
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use JSON::MaybeXS qw(encode_json); |
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1
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1
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529
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use HTTP::Status qw(is_error); |
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4865
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1
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1
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use Scalar::Util 'blessed'; |
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2
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1
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50
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1
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1
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472
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use Log::Any qw($log); |
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8487
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1
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5
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sub call { |
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1
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93992
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my $self = shift; |
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my $env = shift; |
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48
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my $r; |
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my $error; |
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16
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0
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my $exception; |
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16
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28
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my $died = 0; |
27
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eval { |
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$r = $self->app->($env); |
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163
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1; |
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100
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23
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} or do { |
31
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9
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150799
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my $e = $@; |
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$died = 1; |
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9
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100
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36
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if ( blessed($e) ) { |
34
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7
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13
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$exception = $e; |
35
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7
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50
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59
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if ( $e->can('message') ) { |
36
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7
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25
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$error = $e->message; |
37
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} |
38
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else { |
39
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0
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0
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$error = '' . $e; |
40
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} |
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7
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50
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82
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$r->[0] = |
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100
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42
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$e->can('status_code') ? $e->status_code |
43
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: $e->can('http_status') ? $e->http_status |
44
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: 500; |
45
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7
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100
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37
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$r->[0] ||= 500; |
46
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47
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7
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100
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66
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36
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if ( $r->[0] =~ /^3/ && $e->can('location') ) { |
48
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1
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3
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push( @{ $r->[1] }, Location => $e->location ); |
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1
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6
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49
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1
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50
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7
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push( @{ $r->[2] }, $e->location ) unless $r->[2]; |
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1
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5
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50
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} |
51
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52
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} |
53
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else { |
54
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2
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6
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$r->[0] = 500; |
55
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2
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4
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$error = $e; |
56
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} |
57
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}; |
58
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59
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return Plack::Util::response_cb( |
60
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$r, |
61
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sub { |
62
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16
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16
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217
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my $r = shift; |
63
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64
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16
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100
|
100
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58
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if ( !$died && !is_error( $r->[0] ) ) { |
65
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66
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# all is ok! |
67
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2
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18
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return; |
68
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} |
69
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14
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100
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90
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if ( $r->[0] =~ /^3/ ) { |
70
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71
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# it's a redirect |
72
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1
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3
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return; |
73
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} |
74
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75
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# there was an error! |
76
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77
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13
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100
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36
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unless ($error) { |
78
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6
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100
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16
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my $body = $r->[2] || 'error not found in body'; |
79
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6
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100
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27
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$error = ref($body) eq 'ARRAY' ? join( '', @$body ) : $body; |
80
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} |
81
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82
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my $location = join( '', |
83
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13
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28
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map { $env->{$_} } qw(HTTP_HOST SCRIPT_NAME PATH_INFO) ); |
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39
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107
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84
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13
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75
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$log->error( $location . ': ' . $error ); |
85
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86
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13
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47
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my $orig_headers = HTTP::Headers->new( @{ $r->[1] } ); |
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13
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81
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87
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13
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668
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my $err_headers = Plack::Util::headers( [] ); |
88
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13
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283
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my $err_body; |
89
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90
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# it already is JSON, so return that |
91
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13
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100
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43
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if ( $orig_headers->content_type =~ m{application/json}i ) { |
92
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2
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58
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return; |
93
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} |
94
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95
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# force json, or client requested JSON, so render errors as JSON |
96
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11
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100
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66
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176
|
if ($self->force_json |
|
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100
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97
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|| ( exists $env->{HTTP_ACCEPT} |
98
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|
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&& $env->{HTTP_ACCEPT} =~ m{application/json}i ) |
99
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) { |
100
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4
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57
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$err_headers->set( 'content-type' => 'application/json' ); |
101
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4
|
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91
|
my $err_payload = { status => 'error', message => "" . $error }; |
102
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4
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50
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66
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16
|
if ($exception && $exception->can('does')) { |
103
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0
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0
|
|
|
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0
|
if ($exception->does('Throwable::X')) { |
104
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0
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0
|
my $payload = $exception->payload; |
105
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0
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|
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0
|
while (my ($k, $v) = each %$payload) { |
106
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0
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0
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$err_payload->{$k} = $v; |
107
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|
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} |
108
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0
|
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0
|
$err_payload->{ident} = $exception->ident; |
109
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|
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} |
110
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} |
111
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112
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4
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35
|
$err_body = encode_json( $err_payload ); |
113
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} |
114
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115
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# return HTML as default |
116
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else { |
117
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7
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111
|
$err_headers->set( |
118
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|
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'content-type' => 'text/html;charset=utf-8' ); |
119
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7
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169
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$err_body = $self->render_html_error( $r->[0], $error, $exception, $env ); |
120
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} |
121
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11
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52
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$r->[1] = $err_headers->headers; |
122
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11
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156
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$r->[2] = [$err_body]; |
123
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11
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118
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return; |
124
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} |
125
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16
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118
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); |
126
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} |
127
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128
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sub render_html_error { |
129
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7
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7
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0
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20
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my ( $self, $status, $error, $exception, $env ) = @_; |
130
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131
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7
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50
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16
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$status ||= 'unknown HTTP status code'; |
132
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7
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50
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17
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$error ||= 'unknown error'; |
133
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134
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7
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11
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my $more=''; |
135
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7
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100
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100
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43
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if ($exception && $exception->can('does')) { |
136
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2
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49
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my @more; |
137
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2
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100
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9
|
if ($exception->does('Throwable::X')) { |
138
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1
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7
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push(@more, "<li><strong>".$exception->ident."</strong></li>"); |
139
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1
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50
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6
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push(@more, "<li><strong>".($exception->message || 'unknown exception message')."</strong></li>"); |
140
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1
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9
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my $payload = $exception->payload; |
141
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1
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9
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while (my ($k, $v) = each %$payload) { |
142
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1
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50
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10
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push(@more,sprintf("<li>%s: %s</li>", $k, $v // '')); |
143
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} |
144
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} |
145
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2
|
100
|
|
|
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62
|
if (@more) { |
146
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1
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|
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|
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5
|
$more='<ul>'.join("\n",@more).'</ul>'; |
147
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} |
148
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} |
149
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150
|
7
|
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38
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return <<"UGLYERROR"; |
151
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|
|
<html> |
152
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|
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|
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|
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<head><title>Error $status</title></head> |
153
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|
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|
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<body> |
154
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|
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|
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|
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<h1>Error $status</h1> |
155
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>$error</p> |
156
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|
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|
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$more |
157
|
|
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|
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|
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</body> |
158
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|
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</html> |
159
|
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|
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|
|
UGLYERROR |
160
|
|
|
|
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|
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} |
161
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162
|
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1; |
163
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164
|
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|
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|
|
__END__ |
165
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166
|
|
|
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|
|
=pod |
167
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|
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168
|
|
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|
|
=encoding UTF-8 |
169
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170
|
|
|
|
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|
|
=head1 NAME |
171
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plack::Middleware::PrettyException - Capture exceptions and present them as HTML or JSON |
173
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
174
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 VERSION |
175
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
version 1.009 |
177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
use Plack::Builder; |
181
|
|
|
|
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|
|
builder { |
182
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|
|
|
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|
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enable "Plack::Middleware::PrettyException", |
183
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|
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|
|
|
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$app; |
184
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|
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|
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}; |
185
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|
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186
|
|
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|
|
# then in your app in some controller / model / wherever |
187
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188
|
|
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|
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|
|
# just die |
189
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|
|
|
|
|
|
die "something went wrong"; |
190
|
|
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|
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|
|
191
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# use HTTP::Throwable |
192
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http_throw( |
193
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|
|
|
|
|
|
NotAcceptable => { message => 'You have to be kidding me!' } |
194
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|
|
|
|
|
|
); |
195
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|
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|
|
196
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# use a custom exception that implements http_status |
197
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
My::X::BadParam->throw({ status=>400, message=>'required param missing'}) |
198
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|
|
199
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# clients get either |
200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# JSON (if Accept-header indicates that JSON is expected) |
201
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# or a plain HTML error message |
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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C<Plack::Middleware::PrettyException> allows you to use exceptions in |
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your models (and also controllers, but they should be kept slim!) and |
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have them rendered as JSON or nice-ish HTML with very little fuzz. |
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But if your Plack app returns an HTTP status code indicating an error |
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(4xx/5xx) or just dies somewhere, the client also sees a pretty |
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exception. |
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So instead of capturing exceptions in your controller actions and |
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converting them to proper error messages, you just let the exception |
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propagate up to this middleware, which will then do the rendering. |
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This leads to much cleaner code in your controller, and to proper |
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exception usage in your model. |
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=head2 Example |
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Here is am example controller implementing some kind of update: |
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# SomeController.pm |
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sub some_update_action { |
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my ($self, $req, $id) = @_; |
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my $item = $self->some_model->load_item($id); |
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my $user = $req->get_user; |
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$self->auth_model->may_edit($user, $item); |
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my $payload = $req->get_json_payload; |
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my $rv = $self->some_model->update_item($item, $payload); |
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$req->json_response($rv); |
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} |
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The lack of error handling makes the intention of this piece of code very clear. "The code is easy to reason about", as the current saying goes. |
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Here's the matching model |
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# SomeModel |
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sub load_item { |
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my ($self, $id) = @_; |
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my $item = $self->resultset('Foo')->find($id); |
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return $item if $item; |
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My::X::NotFound->throw({ |
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ident=>'cannot_find_foo', |
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message=>'Cannot load Foo from id %{id}s', |
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id=>$id, |
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}); |
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} |
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C<My::X::NotFound> could be a exception class based on L<Throwable::X|https://metacpan.org/pod/Throwable::X>: |
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package My::X; |
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use Moose; |
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with qw(Throwable::X); |
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use Throwable::X -all; |
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has [qw(http_status)] => ( |
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is => 'ro', |
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default => 400, |
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traits => [Payload], |
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); |
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no Moose; |
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__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable; |
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package My::X::NotFound; |
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use Moose; |
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extends 'My::X'; |
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use Throwable::X -all; |
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has id => ( |
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is => 'ro', |
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traits => [Payload], |
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); |
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has '+http_status' => ( default => 404, ); |
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If we now call the endpoint with an invalid id, we get: |
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287
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~$ curl -i http://localhost/thing/42/update |
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HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found |
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Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8 |
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<html> |
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<head><title>Error 404</title></head> |
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<body> |
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<h1>Error 404</h1> |
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<p>Cannot load Foo from id 42</p> |
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</body> |
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</html> |
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If we want JSON, we just need to tell the server: |
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301
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~$ curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' http://localhost/thing/42/update |
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HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found |
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Content-Type: application/json |
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{"status":"error","message":"Cannot load Foo from id 42"} |
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Smooth! |
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310
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=head2 Content Negotiation / Force JSON |
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As of now there is no real content-negotiation, because all I need is |
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HTML and JSON. There is some semi-dumb checking of the |
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C<Accept>-Header, but I only check for literal C<application/json> |
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(while I should do the whole q-factor weighting dance). |
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317
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If you want to force all your errors to JSON, pass C<force_json =E<gt> 1> |
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when loading the middleware: |
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builder { |
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enable "Plack::Middleware::PrettyException" => ( force_json => 1 ); |
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$app |
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}; |
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This will be replace in the near future by some proper content |
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negitiation and a new C<default_response_encoding> field. |
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328
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=head2 Finetune HTML output via subclassing |
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330
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The default HTML is rather basic^wugly. To finetune this, just |
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subclass C<Plack::Middleware::PrettyException> and implement a method |
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called C<render_html_error>. This method will be called with the HTTP |
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status code, the stringified error message, the original exception |
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object (if there was one!) and the original request C<$env>. You can |
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then render it as fancy as you (or your graphic designer) wants. |
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337
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Here's an example: |
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339
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package Oel::Middleware::Error; |
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341
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use 5.020; |
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use strict; |
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use warnings; |
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use parent qw(Plack::Middleware::PrettyException); |
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use Plack::Util::Accessor qw(html_page_model renderer); |
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347
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sub render_html_error { |
348
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my ( $self, $status, $message, $exception, $env ) = @_; |
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350
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my %data = (base=>'/',title=>'Error '.$status, error => $message, code => $status ); |
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eval { |
352
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if (my $page = $self->html_page_model->load('/_error/'.$status)) { |
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$data{title} = $page->title; |
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$data{description} = $page->teaser; |
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} |
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}; |
357
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358
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my $rendered=''; |
359
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$self->renderer->tt->process('error.tt',\%data,\$rendered); |
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return $rendered if $rendered; |
361
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362
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return "Error while rendering error: ".$self->renderer->tt->error; |
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} |
364
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365
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1; |
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367
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This middleware uses a C<html_page_model> to retrieve the title and |
368
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description of the error page from a database (where admins can edit |
369
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those fields via a CMS). It uses |
370
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L<Template::Toolkit|https://metacpan.org/pod/Template> to render the |
371
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page. |
372
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373
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C<html_page_model> and C<renderer> are two attributes needed by this |
374
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middleware, implemented via C<Plack::Util::Accessor>. You have to |
375
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provide some meaningful objects when loading the middleware, maybe |
376
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like this: |
377
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378
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use Plack::Builder; |
379
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380
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builder { |
381
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enable "Plack::Middleware::PrettyException", |
382
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renderer => Oel::Renderer->new, |
383
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html_page_model => Oel::Model::HtmlPage->new; |
384
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385
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$app; |
386
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}; |
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388
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Of course you'll need to init C<Oel::Renderer> and |
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C<Oel::Model::HtmlPage>, so you'll probably want to use |
390
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L<Bread::Board|https://metacpan.org/pod/Bread::Board> or |
391
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L<OX|https://metacpan.org/pod/OX>. |
392
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393
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=head1 SEE ALSO |
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395
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=over |
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397
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=item * L<Plack::Middleware::ErrorDocument|https://metacpan.org/pod/Plack::Middleware::ErrorDocument> |
398
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399
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Set Error Document based on HTTP status code. Does not capture errors. |
400
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401
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=item * L<Plack::Middleware::CustomErrorDocument|https://metacpan.org/pod/Plack::Middleware::CustomErrorDocument> |
402
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403
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Dynamically select error documents based on HTTP status code. Improved version of Plack::Middleware::ErrorDocument, also does not capture errors. |
404
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405
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=item * L<Plack::Middleware::DiePretty|https://metacpan.org/pod/Plack::Middleware::DiePretty> |
406
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407
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Show a 500 error page if you die. Converts B<all> exceptions to 500 Server Error. |
408
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409
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=back |
410
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411
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=head1 THANKS |
412
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413
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Thanks to |
414
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415
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=over |
416
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417
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=item * |
418
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419
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L<validad.com|https://www.validad.com/> for supporting Open Source. |
420
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421
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=item * |
422
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423
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L<oe1.orf.at|http://oe1.orf.at> for the motivation to extract the code from the Validad stack. |
424
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425
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=item * |
426
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427
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L<sixtease|https://metacpan.org/author/SIXTEASE> for coming up with C<Oel> as the name for my example app (after miss-reading C<oe1>). |
428
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429
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=back |
430
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431
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|
=head1 AUTHOR |
432
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433
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|
|
Thomas Klausner <domm@plix.at> |
434
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435
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|
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
436
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437
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This software is copyright (c) 2016 - 2021 by Thomas Klausner. |
438
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|
439
|
|
|
|
|
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|
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under |
440
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. |
441
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
442
|
|
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|
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|
|
=cut |