File Coverage

blib/lib/Perinci/Sub/Wrapper.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	601	671	89.5
branch	198	286	69.2
condition	97	160	60.6
subroutine	63	76	82.8
pod	1	38	2.6
total	960	1231	77.9

our $DATE = '2021-08-01'; # DATE
our $VERSION = '0.852'; # VERSION

use 5.010001;
use strict;
use warnings;
use experimental 'smartmatch';
use Log::ger;

use Data::Dmp qw(dmp);
use Function::Fallback::CoreOrPP qw(clone);
use Perinci::Sub::Normalize qw(normalize_function_metadata);
use Perinci::Sub::Util qw(err);

use Exporter qw(import);
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(wrap_sub);

our $Log_Wrapper_Code = $ENV{LOG_PERINCI_WRAPPER_CODE} // 0;

our %SPEC;

$SPEC{':package'} = {
    v => 1.1,
    summary => 'A multi-purpose subroutine wrapping framework',
};

# "protocol version" (v). whenever there's a significant change in the basic
# structure of the wrapper, which potentially cause some/a lot of property
# handlers to stop working, we increase this. property handler must always state
# which version it follows in its meta. if unspecified, it's assumed to be 1.
our $protocol_version = 2;

    my ($class) = @_;
    bless {}, $class;
}

    my ($self, $mod) = @_;

    if ($self->{_args}{core}) {
        if ($mod =~ /\A(experimental|Scalar::Numeric::Util|Scalar::Util::Numeric::PP)\z/) {
            die "BUG: Requested non-core module '$mod' while wrap arg core=1";
        } elsif ($mod =~ /\A(warnings|List::Util)\z/) {
            # core modules
        } else {
            die "BUG: Haven't noted whether module '$mod' is core/non-core";
        }
    }

    if ($self->{_args}{pp}) {
        if ($mod =~ /\A(List::Util|Scalar::Numeric::Util)\z/) {
            die "BUG: Requested XS module '$mod' while wrap arg pp=1";
        } elsif ($mod =~ /\A(experimental|warnings|Scalar::Util::Numeric::PP)\z/) {
            # pp modules
        } else {
            die "BUG: Haven't noted whether module '$mod' is pure-perl/XS";
        }
    }

    if ($self->{_args}{core_or_pp}) {
        if ($mod =~ /\A(Scalar::Numeric::Util)\z/) {
            die "BUG: Requested non-core XS module '$mod' while wrap arg core_or_pp=1";
        } elsif ($mod =~ /\A(experimental|warnings|List::Util|Scalar::Util::Numeric::PP)\z/) {
            # core or pp modules
        } else {
            die "BUG: Haven't noted whether module '$mod' is non-core xs or not";
        }
    }
}

    my ($self, $mod) = @_;
    unless ($mod ~~ $self->{_modules}) {
        local $self->{_cur_section};
        $self->select_section('before_sub_require_modules');
        if ($mod =~ /\A(use|no) (\S+)/) {
            $self->_check_module($2);
            $self->push_lines("$mod;");
        } elsif ($mod =~ /\A\w+(::\w+)*\z/) {
            $self->_check_module($mod);
            $self->push_lines("require $mod;");
        } else {
            die "BUG: Invalid module name/statement: $mod";
        }
        push @{ $self->{_modules} }, $mod;
    }
}

    my ($self, $var, $value) = @_;
    unless (exists $self->{_vars}{$var}) {
        local $self->{_cur_section};
        $self->select_section('declare_vars');
        $self->push_lines("my \$$var = ".dmp($value).";");
        $self->{_vars}{$var} = $value;
    }
}


    # order=>N regulates the order of code. embed=>1 means the code is for embed
    # mode only and should not be included in dynamic wrapper code.

    state $val = {
        before_sub_require_modules => {order=>1},

        # reserved by wrapper for setting Perl package and declaring 'sub {'
        OPEN_SUB => {order=>4},

        # reserved to say 'my %args = @_;' or 'my @args = @_;' etc
        ACCEPT_ARGS => {order=>5},

        # reserved to get args values if converted from array/arrayref
        ACCEPT_ARGS2 => {order=>6},

        declare_vars => {order=>7},

        # for handlers to put stuffs right before eval. for example, 'timeout'
        # uses this to set ALRM signal handler.
        before_eval => {order=>10},

        # reserved by wrapper for generating 'eval {'
        OPEN_EVAL => {order=>20},

        # used e.g. to load modules used by validation
        before_call_before_arg_validation => {order=>31},

        before_call_arg_validation => {order=>32},

        # used e.g. by dependency checking
        before_call_after_arg_validation => {order=>33},

        # feed arguments to sub
        before_call_feed_args => {order=>48},

        # for handlers that *must* do stuffs right before call
        before_call_right_before_call => {order=>49},

        # reserved by the wrapper for calling the sub
        CALL => {order=>50},

        # for handlers that *must* do stuffs right after call
        after_call_right_after_call => {order=>51},

        # reserved by the wrapper for adding/stripping result envelope, this
        # happens before result validation
        AFTER_CALL_ADD_OR_STRIP_RESULT_ENVELOPE => {order=>52},

        # used e.g. to load modules used by validation
        after_call_before_res_validation => {order=>61},

        after_call_res_validation => {order=>62},

        after_call_after_res_validation => {order=>63},

        # reserved by wrapper to put eval end '}' and capturing result in
        # $_w_res and $@ in $eval_err
        CLOSE_EVAL => {order=>70},

        # for handlers to put checks against $eval_err
        after_eval => {order=>80},

        # reserved for returning final result '$_w_res'
        BEFORE_CLOSE_SUB => {order=>99},

        # reserved for sub closing '}' line
        CLOSE_SUB => {order=>100},
    };
    $val;
}

    my ($self, $section) = @_;
    !$self->{_codes}{$section};
}

    my ($self) = @_;
    !($self->section_empty('before_eval') &&
          $self->section_empty('after_eval'));
}

# whether we need to store call result to a variable ($_w_res)
    my ($self) = @_;
    return 1 if $self->{_args}{validate_result};
    return 1 if $self->_needs_eval;
    my $ks = $self->_known_sections;
    for (grep {/^after_call/} keys %$ks) {
        return 1 unless $self->section_empty($_);
    }
    0;
}

    my ($self, $section) = @_;
    my $ks = $self->_known_sections;
    $ks->{$section} or die "BUG: Unknown code section '$section'";
}

    my ($self, $c_status, $c_msg) = @_;
    if ($self->{_meta}{result_naked}) {
        $self->push_lines(
            "warn 'ERROR ' . ($c_status) . ': '. ($c_msg);",
            'return undef;',
        );
    } else {
        $self->push_lines("return [$c_status, $c_msg];");
    }
}

    my ($self, $c_status, $c_msg, $c_cond) = @_;
    $self->push_lines("if ($c_cond) {");
    $self->indent;
    $self->_err($c_status, $c_msg);
    $self->unindent;
    $self->push_lines('}');
}

    my ($self, $section) = @_;
    $self->_check_known_section($section);
    $self->{_cur_section} = $section;
    $self;
}

    my ($self) = @_;
    my $section = $self->{_cur_section};
    $self->{_codes}{$section} //= undef;
    $self->{_levels}{$section}++;
    $self;
}

    my ($self) = @_;
    my $section = $self->{_cur_section};
    $self->{_codes}{$section} //= undef;
    $self->{_levels}{$section}--;
    $self;
}

    my ($self) = @_;
    my $section = $self->{_cur_section};
    $self->{_levels}{$section} // 0;
}

# line can be code or comment. code should not contain string literals that
# cross lines (i.e. contain literal newlines) because push_lines() might add
# comment at the end of each line.

    my ($self, @lines) = @_;
    my $section = $self->{_cur_section};

    unless (exists $self->{_codes}{$section}) {
        unshift @lines, "# * section: $section";
        # don't give blank line for the top-most section (order=>0)
        unshift @lines, "" if $self->_known_sections->{$section}{order};
        $self->{_codes}{$section} = [];
        $self->{_levels}{$section} = 0;
    }

    @lines = map {[$self->{_levels}{$section}, $_]} @lines;
    if ($self->{_args}{debug}) {
        for my $l (@lines) {
            $l->[2] =
                $self->{_cur_handler} ?
                    "$self->{_cur_handler} prio=".$self->{_cur_handler_meta}{prio}
                        : "";
        }
    }
    push @{$self->{_codes}{$section}}, @lines;
    $self;
}

    my ($self, $crit, $prev_section_level) = @_;
    my @lines;
    my $ks = $self->_known_sections;
    $prev_section_level //= 0;
    my $i = 0;
    for my $s (sort {$ks->{$a}{order} <=> $ks->{$b}{order}}
                   keys %$ks) {
        next if $self->section_empty($s);
        next unless $crit->(section => $s);
        $i++;
        for my $l (@{ $self->{_codes}{$s} }) {
            $l->[0] += $prev_section_level;
            die "BUG: Negative indent level in line $i (section $s): '$l->[1]'"
                if $l->[0] < 0;
            my $s = ($self->{_args}{indent} x $l->[0]) . $l->[1];
            if (defined $l->[2]) {
                my $num_ws = 80 - length($s);
                $num_ws = 1 if $num_ws < 1;
                $s .= (" " x $num_ws) . "## $l->[2]";
            }
            push @lines, $s;
        }
        $prev_section_level += $self->{_levels}{$s};
    }
    [join("\n", @lines), $prev_section_level];
}

    my ($self) = @_;
    my $ks = $self->_known_sections;
    $self->_join_codes(
        sub {
            my %args = @_;
            my $section = $args{section};
            !$ks->{$section}{embed};
        })->[0];
}

# for embedded, we need to produce three sections which will be inserted in
# different places, demonstrated below:
#
#   $SPEC{foo} = {
#       ...
#   };
#   sub foo {
#       my %args = @_;
#       # do stuffs
#   }
#
# becomes:
#
#   #PRESUB1: require modules (inserted before sub declaration)
#   require Data::Dumper;
#   require Scalar::Util;
#
#   $SPEC{foo} = {
#       ...
#   };
#   #PRESUB2: modify metadata piece-by-piece (inserted before sub declaration &
#   #after $SPEC{foo}). we're avoiding dumping the new modified metadata because
#   #metadata might contain coderefs which is sometimes problematic when dumping
#   {
#       my $meta = $SPEC{foo};
#       $meta->{v} = 1.1;
#       $meta->{result_naked} = 0;
#   }
#
#   sub foo {
#       my %args = @_;
#       #PREAMBLE: before call sections (inserted after accept args), e.g.
#       #validate arguments, convert argument type, setup eval block
#       #...
#
#       # do stuffs
#
#       #POSTAMBLE: after call sections (inserted before sub end), e.g.
#       #validate result, close eval block and do retry/etc.
#       #...
#   }
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $res = {};
    my $ks = $self->_known_sections;
    my $j;

    $j = $self->_join_codes(
        sub {
            my %args = @_;
            my $section = $args{section};
            $section =~ /\A(before_sub_require_modules)\z/;
        });
    $res->{presub1} = $j->[0];

    # no longer needed/produce, code to modify metadata
    $res->{presub2} = '';

    $j = $self->_join_codes(
        sub {
            my %args = @_;
            my $section = $args{section};
            my $order = $ks->{$section}{order};
            return 1 if $order > $ks->{ACCEPT_ARGS}{order} &&
                $order < $ks->{CALL}{order};
            0;
        }, 1);
    $res->{preamble} = $j->[0];

    $j = $self->_join_codes(
        sub {
            my %args = @_;
            my $section = $args{section};
            my $order = $ks->{$section}{order};
            return 1 if $order > $ks->{CALL}{order} &&
                $order < $ks->{CLOSE_SUB}{order};
            0;
        }, $j->[1]);
    $res->{postamble} = $j->[0];

    $res;
}


# after args
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $meta = $self->{_meta};
    my $v = $meta->{features} // {};

    $self->select_section('before_call_before_arg_validation');

    if ($v->{tx} && $v->{tx}{req}) {
        $self->push_lines('', '# check required transaction');
        $self->_errif(412, '"Must run with transaction (pass -tx_manager)"',
                      '!$args{-tx_manager}');
    }
}

# run before args
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $value  = $args{value};
    my $new    = $args{new};
    my $meta   = $self->{_meta};
    my $args_p = $meta->{args} // {};
    my $opt_va = $self->{_args}{validate_args};

    # We support conversion of arguments between hash/hashref/array/arrayref. To
    # make it simple, currently the algorithm is as follow: we first form the
    # %args hash. If args_as is already 'hash', we just do 'my %args = @_'.
    # Otherwise, we convert from the other forms.
    #
    # We then validate each argument in %args (code generated in 'args'
    # handler).
    #
    # Finally, unless original args_as is 'hash' we convert to the final form
    # that the wrapped sub expects.
    #
    # This setup is optimal when both the sub and generated wrapper accept
    # 'hash', but suboptimal for other cases (especially positional ones, as
    # they have to undergo a round-trip to hash even when both accept 'array').
    # This will be rectified in the future.

    my $v = $new // $value;

    $self->select_section('ACCEPT_ARGS');
    if ($v eq 'hash') {
         $self->push_lines(q{die 'BUG: Odd number of hash elements supplied' if @_ % 2;})
             if $opt_va;
         $self->push_lines('my %args = @_;');
    } elsif ($v eq 'hashref') {
        $self->push_lines(q{die 'BUG: $_[0] needs to be hashref' if @_ && ref($_[0]) ne "HASH";})
            if $opt_va;
        $self->push_lines('my %args = %{$_[0] // {}};');
    } elsif ($v =~ /\Aarray(ref)?\z/) {
        my $ref = $1 ? 1:0;
        if ($ref) {
            $self->push_lines(q{die 'BUG: $_[0] needs to be arrayref' if @_ && ref($_[0]) ne "ARRAY";})
                if $opt_va;
        }
        $self->push_lines('my %args;');
        $self->select_section('ACCEPT_ARGS2');
        for my $a (sort keys %$args_p) {
            my $as = $args_p->{$a};
            my $line = '$args{'.dmp($a).'} = ';
            defined($as->{pos}) or die "Error in args property for arg '$a': ".
                "no pos defined";
            my $pos = int($as->{pos} + 0);
            $pos >= 0 or die "Error in args property for arg '$a': ".
                "negative value in pos";
            if ($as->{slurpy} // $as->{greedy}) {
                if ($ref) {
                    $line .= '[splice @{$_[0]}, '.$pos.'] if @{$_[0]} > '.$pos;
                } else {
                    $line .= '[splice @_, '.$pos.'] if @_ > '.$pos;
                }
            } else {
                if ($ref) {
                    $line .= '$_[0]['.$pos.'] if @{$_[0]} > '.$pos;
                } else {
                    $line .= '$_['.$pos.'] if @_ > '.$pos;
                }
            }
            $self->push_lines("$line;");
        }
    } else {
        die "Unknown args_as value '$v'";
    }

    $self->select_section('ACCEPT_ARGS');
    if ($value eq 'hashref') {
        $self->push_lines('my $args;');
    } elsif ($value eq 'array') {
        $self->push_lines('my @args;');
    } elsif ($value eq 'arrayref') {
        $self->push_lines('my $args;');
    }

    my $tok;
    $self->select_section('before_call_feed_args');
    $v = $value;
    if ($v eq 'hash') {
        $tok = '%args';
    } elsif ($v eq 'hashref') {
        $tok = '$args';
        $self->push_lines($tok.' = \%args;'); # XXX should we set each arg instead?
    } elsif ($v =~ /\Aarray(ref)?\z/) {
        my $ref = $1 ? 1:0;
        $tok = ($ref ? '$':'@') . 'args';
        for my $a (sort {$args_p->{$a}{pos} <=> $args_p->{$b}{pos}}
                       keys %$args_p) {
            my $as = $args_p->{$a};
            my $t = '$args{'.dmp($a).'}';
            my $line;
            defined($as->{pos}) or die "Error in args property for arg '$a': ".
                "no pos defined";
            my $pos = int($as->{pos} + 0);
            $pos >= 0 or die "Error in args property for arg '$a': ".
                "negative value in pos";
            if ($as->{slurpy} // $as->{greedy}) {
                $line = 'splice @args, '.$pos.', scalar(@args)-1, @{'.$t.'}';
            } else {
                $line = '$args'.($ref ? '->':'').'['.$pos."] = $t if exists $t";
            }
            $self->push_lines("$line;");
        }
    } else {
        die "Unknown args_as value '$v'";
    }
    $self->{_args_token} = $tok;
}

    require Data::Sah;

    my $self = shift;
    state $sah = Data::Sah->new;
    $sah;
}

    my $self = shift;
    state $plc = do {
        my $plc = $self->_sah->get_compiler("perl");
        $plc->comment_style('shell2'); # to make all comment uses ## instead of #
        $plc;
    };
}

    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $v = $args{v} // $self->{_meta}{args};
    return unless $v;

    my $opt_sin = $self->{_args}{_schema_is_normalized};
    my $opt_va  = $self->{_args}{validate_args};

    my $prefix = $args{prefix} // '';
    my $argsterm = $args{argsterm} // '%args';

    if ($opt_va) {
        $self->_add_module("use experimental 'smartmatch'");
        $self->select_section('before_call_arg_validation');
        $self->push_lines('', '# check args') if $prefix eq '';
        $self->push_lines("for (sort keys $argsterm) {");
        $self->indent;
        $self->_errif(400, q["Invalid argument name (please use letters/numbers/underscores only)'].$prefix.q[$_'"],
                      '!/\A(-?)\w+(\.\w+)*\z/o');
        $self->_errif(400, q["Unknown argument '].$prefix.q[$_'"],
                      '!($1 || $_ ~~ '.dmp([sort keys %$v]).')');
        $self->unindent;
        $self->push_lines('}');
    }

    for my $argname (sort keys %$v) {
        my $argspec = $v->{$argname};

        my $argterm = $argsterm;
        if ($argterm =~ /^%\{\s*(.+)\s*\}/) {
            $argterm = $1 . "->{'$argname'}";
        } elsif ($argterm =~ s/^%/\$/) {
            $argterm .= "{'$argname'}";
        } else {
            $argterm .= "->{'$argname'}";
        }

        my $has_default_prop = exists($argspec->{default});
        my $sch = $argspec->{schema};

        if ($sch) {
            my $has_sch_default  = ref($sch) eq 'ARRAY' &&
                exists($sch->[1]{default}) ? 1:0;
            if ($opt_va) {

                $self->push_lines("if (exists($argterm)) {");
                $self->indent;

                if ($argspec->{stream}) {
                    die "Error in schema for argument '$argname': must be str/buf/array if stream=1"
                        unless $sch->[0] =~ /\A(str|buf|array)\z/; # XXX allow 'any' if all of its 'of' values are str/buf/array
                    die "Error in schema for argument '$argname': must specify 'of' array clause if stream=1"
                        if $sch->[0] eq 'array' && !$sch->[1]{of};

                    $self->_errif(
                        400,
                        qq["Argument '$prefix$argname' (stream) fails validation: must be coderef"],
                        "!(ref($argterm) eq 'CODE')",
                    );
                    $self->push_lines('{ ## introduce scope because we want to declare a generic variable $i');
                    $self->indent;
                    $self->push_lines(
                        'my $i = -1;',
                        "my \$origsub = $argterm;",
                        '# arg coderef wrapper for validation',
                        "$argterm = sub {",
                    );
                    $self->indent;
                    $self->push_lines(
                        '$i++;',
                        "my \$rec = \$origsub->();",
                        'return undef unless defined $rec;',
                    );
                }

                my $dn = $argname; $dn =~ s/\W+/_/g;
                my $cd = $self->_plc->compile(
                    data_name            => $dn,
                    data_term            => $argspec->{stream} ? '$rec' : $argterm,
                    schema               => $argspec->{stream} && $sch->[0] eq 'array' ? $sch->[1]{of} : $sch,
                    schema_is_normalized => $opt_sin,
                    return_type          => 'str',
                    indent_level         => $self->get_indent_level + 1,
                    core                 => $self->{_args}{core},
                    core_or_pp           => $self->{_args}{core_or_pp},
                    pp                   => $self->{_args}{pp},
                    %{ $self->{_args}{_extra_sah_compiler_args} // {}},
                );
                die "Incompatible Data::Sah version (cd v=$cd->{v}, expected 2)" unless $cd->{v} == 2;
                for my $mod_rec (@{ $cd->{modules} }) {
                    next unless $mod_rec->{phase} eq 'runtime';
                    $self->_add_module($mod_rec->{use_statement} // $mod_rec->{name});
                }
                $self->_add_var($_, $cd->{vars}{$_})
                    for sort keys %{ $cd->{vars} };
                $cd->{result} =~ s/\A\s+//;
                $self->push_lines(
                    "my \$err_$dn;",
                    "$cd->{result};",
                );
                if ($argspec->{stream}) {
                    $self->push_lines(
                        'if ('."\$err_$dn".') { die "Record #$i of streaming argument '."'$prefix$argname'".' ($rec) fails validation: '."\$err_$dn".'" }',
                        '$rec;',
                    );
                } else {
                    $self->_errif(
                        400, qq["Argument '$prefix$argname' fails validation: \$err_$dn"],
                        "\$err_$dn");
                }
                if ($argspec->{meta}) {
                    $self->push_lines("# check subargs of $prefix$argname");
                    $self->_handle_args(
                            %args,
                            v => $argspec->{meta}{args},
                            prefix => ($prefix ? "$prefix/" : "") . "$argname/",
                            argsterm => '%{'.$argterm.'}',
                        );
                }
                if ($argspec->{element_meta}) {
                    $self->push_lines("# check element subargs of $prefix$argname");
                    my $indexterm = "$prefix$argname";
                    $indexterm =~ s/\W+/_/g;
                    $indexterm = '$i_' . $indexterm;
                    $self->push_lines('for my '.$indexterm.' (0..$#{ '.$argterm.' }) {');
                    $self->indent;
                    $self->_errif(
                        400, qq("Argument '$prefix$argname\[).qq($indexterm]' fails validation: must be hash"),
                        "ref($argterm\->[$indexterm]) ne 'HASH'");
                    $self->_handle_args(
                        %args,
                        v => $argspec->{element_meta}{args},
                        prefix => ($prefix ? "$prefix/" : "") . "$argname\[$indexterm]/",
                        argsterm => '%{'.$argterm.'->['.$indexterm.']}',
                    );
                    $self->unindent;
                    $self->push_lines('}');
                }
                $self->unindent;
                if ($argspec->{stream}) {
                    $self->push_lines('}; ## arg coderef wrapper');
                    $self->unindent;
                    $self->push_lines('} ## close scope');
                    $self->unindent;
                }
                if ($has_default_prop) {
                    $self->push_lines(
                        '} else {',
                        "    $argterm //= ".dmp($argspec->{default}).";");
                } elsif ($has_sch_default) {
                    $self->push_lines(
                        '} else {',
                        "    $argterm //= ".dmp($sch->[1]{default}).";");
                }
                $self->push_lines("} ## if exists arg $prefix$argname");
            } # if opt_va

        } elsif ($has_default_prop) {
            # doesn't have schema but have 'default' property, we still need to
            # set default here
            $self->push_lines("$argterm = ".dmp($argspec->{default}).
                                  " if !exists($argterm);");
        }
        if ($argspec->{req} && $opt_va) {
            $self->_errif(
                400, qq["Missing required argument: $argname"],
                "!exists($argterm)");
        }
    } # for arg
}

    my ($self, %args) = @_;
    $self->_handle_args(%args);
}

# after args
    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $v = $args{v} // $self->{_meta}{args_rels};
    return unless $v;

    my $argsterm = $args{argsterm} // '%args';

    $self->select_section('before_call_arg_validation');
    $self->push_lines('', '# check args_rels');

    my $dn = "args_rels";
    my $hc = $self->_sah->get_compiler("human");
    my $cd_h = $hc->init_cd;
    $cd_h->{args}{lang} //= $cd_h->{default_lang};

    my $cd = $self->_plc->compile(
        data_name            => $dn,
        data_term            => "\\$argsterm",
        schema               => ['hash', $v],
        return_type          => 'str',
        indent_level         => $self->get_indent_level + 1,
        human_hash_values    => {
            field  => $hc->_xlt($cd_h, "argument"),
            fields => $hc->_xlt($cd_h, "arguments"),
        },
        core                 => $self->{_args}{core},
        core_or_pp           => $self->{_args}{core_or_pp},
        pp                   => $self->{_args}{pp},
    );
    die "Incompatible Data::Sah version (cd v=$cd->{v}, expected 2)" unless $cd->{v} == 2;
    for my $mod_rec (@{ $cd->{modules} }) {
        next unless $mod_rec->{phase} eq 'runtime';
        $self->_add_module($mod_rec->{use_statement} // $mod_rec->{name});
    }
    $self->_add_var($_, $cd->{vars}{$_}) for sort keys %{ $cd->{vars} };
    $cd->{result} =~ s/\A\s+//;
    $self->push_lines(
        "my \$err_$dn;",
        "$cd->{result};",
    );
    $self->_errif(
        400, qq["\$err_$dn"],
        "\$err_$dn");
}

    require Data::Sah;

    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $meta = $self->{_meta};
    my $v = $meta->{result};
    return unless $v;

    my $opt_sin = $self->{_args}{_schema_is_normalized};
    my $opt_vr  = $self->{_args}{validate_result};

    my %schemas_by_status; # key = status, value = schema

    # collect and check handlers
    my %handler_args;
    my %handler_metas;
    for my $k0 (keys %$v) {
        my $k = $k0;
        $k =~ s/\..+//;
        next if $k =~ /\A_/;

        # check builtin result spec key
        next if $k =~ /\A(
                                                      summary|description|tags|default_lang|
                                                      schema|statuses|stream|
                                                      x
                                              )\z/x;
        # try a property module first
        require "Perinci/Sub/Property/result/$k.pm";
        my $meth = "handlemeta_result__$k";
        unless ($self->can($meth)) {
            die "No handler for property result/$k0 ($meth)";
        }
        my $hm = $self->$meth;
        $hm->{v} //= 1;
        next unless defined $hm->{prio};
        die "Please update property handler result/$k which is still at v=$hm->{v} ".
            "(needs v=$protocol_version)"
                unless $hm->{v} == $protocol_version;
        my $ha = {
            prio=>$hm->{prio}, value=>$v->{$k0}, property=>$k0,
            meth=>"handle_result__$k",
        };
        $handler_args{$k} = $ha;
        $handler_metas{$k} = $hm;
    }

    # call all the handlers in order
    for my $k (sort {$handler_args{$a}{prio} <=> $handler_args{$b}{prio}}
                   keys %handler_args) {
        my $ha = $handler_args{$k};
        my $meth = $ha->{meth};
        local $self->{_cur_handler}      = $meth;
        local $self->{_cur_handler_meta} = $handler_metas{$k};
        local $self->{_cur_handler_args} = $ha;
        $self->$meth(args=>\%args, meta=>$meta, %$ha);
    }

    # validate result
    my @modules;
    if ($v->{schema} && $opt_vr) {
        $schemas_by_status{200} = $v->{schema};
    }
    if ($v->{statuses} && $opt_vr) {
        for my $s (keys %{$v->{statuses}}) {
            my $sv = $v->{statuses}{$s};
            if ($sv->{schema}) {
                $schemas_by_status{$s} = $sv->{schema};
            }
        }
    }

    my $sub_name = $self->{_args}{sub_name};

    if ($opt_vr) {
        $self->select_section('after_call_res_validation');
        $self->push_lines(
            'my $_w_res2 = $_w_res->[2];',
            'my $_w_res_is_stream = $_w_res->[3]{stream} // ' . ($v->{stream} ? 1:0) . ';',
        );
        $self->_errif(
            500,
            q["Stream result must be coderef"],
            '$_w_res_is_stream && ref($_w_res2) ne "CODE"',
        );
        for my $s (sort keys %schemas_by_status) {
            my $sch = $schemas_by_status{$s};
            if ($v->{stream}) {
                die "Error in result schema: must be str/buf/array if stream=1"
                    unless $sch->[0] =~ /\A(str|buf|array)\z/; # XXX allow 'any' if all of its 'of' values are str/buf/array
                die "Error in result schema: must specify 'of' array clause if stream=1"
                    if $sch->[0] eq 'array' && !$sch->[1]{of};
            }
            $self->push_lines("if (\$_w_res->[0] == $s) {");
            $self->indent;
            $self->push_lines('if (!$_w_res_is_stream) {');
            $self->indent;

            # validation for when not a stream
            my $cd = $self->_plc->compile(
                data_name            => '_w_res2',
                # err_res can clash on arg named 'res'
                err_term             => '$_w_err2_res',
                schema               => $sch,
                schema_is_normalized => $opt_sin,
                return_type          => 'str',
                indent_level         => $self->get_indent_level + 1,
                core                 => $self->{_args}{core},
                core_or_pp           => $self->{_args}{core_or_pp},
                pp                   => $self->{_args}{pp},
                %{ $self->{_args}{_extra_sah_compiler_args} // {}},
            );
            die "Incompatible Data::Sah version (cd v=$cd->{v}, expected 2)" unless $cd->{v} == 2;
            for my $mod_rec (@{ $cd->{modules} }) {
                next unless $mod_rec->{phase} eq 'runtime';
                $self->_add_module($mod_rec->{use_statement} // $mod_rec->{name});
            }
            $self->_add_var($_, $cd->{vars}{$_})
                for sort keys %{ $cd->{vars} };
            $self->push_lines("my \$_w_err2_res;");
            $cd->{result} =~ s/\A\s+//;
            $self->push_lines("$cd->{result};");
            $self->_errif(
                500,
                qq["BUG: Result from sub $sub_name (\$_w_res2) fails validation: ].
                    qq[\$_w_err2_res"],
                "\$_w_err2_res");
            $self->unindent;
            $self->push_lines("} else {"); # stream
            $self->indent;
            $self->push_lines(
                'my $i = -1;',
                '# wrap result coderef for validation',
                '$_w_res->[2] = sub {',
            );
            $self->indent;
            $self->push_lines(
                '$i++;',
                'my $rec = $_w_res2->();',
                'return undef unless defined $rec;',
            );
            # generate schema code once again, this time for when stream
            $cd = $self->_plc->compile(
                data_name            => 'rec',
                # err_res can clash on arg named 'res'
                err_term             => '$rec_err',
                schema               => $sch->[0] eq 'array' ? $sch->[1]{of} : $sch,
                schema_is_normalized => $opt_sin,
                return_type          => 'str',
                indent_level         => $self->get_indent_level + 1,
                core                 => $self->{_args}{core},
                core_or_pp           => $self->{_args}{core_or_pp},
                pp                   => $self->{_args}{pp},
                %{ $self->{_args}{_extra_sah_compiler_args} // {}},
            );
            die "Incompatible Data::Sah version (cd v=$cd->{v}, expected 2)" unless $cd->{v} == 2;
            # XXX no need to require modules required by validator?
            $self->push_lines('my $rec_err;');
            $cd->{result} =~ s/\A\s+//;
            $self->push_lines("$cd->{result};");
            $self->push_lines('if ($rec_err) { die "BUG: Result stream record #$i ($rec) fails validation: $rec_err" }');
            $self->push_lines('$rec;');
            $self->unindent;
            $self->push_lines('}; ## result coderef wrapper');
            $self->unindent;
            $self->push_lines("} ## if stream");
            $self->unindent;
            $self->push_lines("} ## if status=$s");
        } # for schemas_by_status
    }
}

    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $old = $args{value};
    my $v   = $args{new} // $old;

    return if !!$v == !!$old;

    $self->select_section('AFTER_CALL_ADD_OR_STRIP_RESULT_ENVELOPE');
    if ($v) {
        $self->push_lines(
            '', '# strip result envelope',
            '$_w_res = $_w_res->[2];',
        );
    } else {
        $self->push_lines(
            '', '# add result envelope',
            '$_w_res = [200, "OK", $_w_res];',
        );
    }
}

    my ($self, %args) = @_;
    my $value = $args{value};
    my $meta  = $self->{_meta};
    my $v     = $self->{_args}{meta_name};
    $self->select_section('before_call_after_arg_validation');
    $self->push_lines('', '# check dependencies');
    $self->_add_module("Perinci::Sub::DepChecker");
    #$self->push_lines('use Data::Dump; dd '.$v.';');
    $self->push_lines('my $_w_deps_res = Perinci::Sub::DepChecker::check_deps('.
                          $v.'->{deps});');
    $self->_errif(412, '"Deps failed: $_w_deps_res"', '$_w_deps_res');

    # we handle some deps our own
    if ($value->{tmp_dir}) {
        $self->_errif(412, '"Dep failed: please specify -tmp_dir"',
                      '!$args{-tmp_dir}');
    }
    if ($value->{trash_dir}) {
        $self->_errif(412, '"Dep failed: please specify -trash_dir"',
                      '!$args{-trash_dir}');
    }
    if ($value->{undo_trash_dir}) {
        $self->_errif(412, '"Dep failed: please specify -undo_trash_dir"',
                      '!($args{-undo_trash_dir} || $args{-tx_manager} || '.
                          '$args{-undo_action} && $args{-undo_action}=~/\A(?:undo|redo)\z/)');
    }
}


    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    # to make it stand out more, all work/state data is prefixed with
    # underscore.

    $self->{_cur_section}      = undef;
    $self->{_cur_handler}      = undef;
    $self->{_cur_handler_args} = undef;
    $self->{_cur_handler_meta} = undef;
    $self->{_levels}           = {};
    $self->{_codes}            = {};
    $self->{_modules}          = []; # modules loaded by wrapper sub
    $self->{$_} = $args{$_} for keys %args;
}

    require Scalar::Util;

    my ($self, %args) = @_;

    my $wrap_log_prop = "x.perinci.sub.wrapper.logs";

    # required arguments
    my $sub      = $args{sub};
    my $sub_name = $args{sub_name};
    $sub || $sub_name or return [400, "Please specify sub or sub_name"];
    $args{meta} or return [400, "Please specify meta"];
    my $meta_name = $args{meta_name};
    # we clone the meta because we'll replace stuffs
    my $meta     = clone($args{meta});
    my $wrap_logs = $meta->{$wrap_log_prop} // [];

    # currently internal args, not exposed/documented
    $args{_compiled_package}           //= 'Perinci::Sub::Wrapped';
    my $comppkg  = $args{_compiled_package};
    $args{_schema_is_normalized}       //=
        $wrap_logs->[-1] && $wrap_logs->[-1]{normalize_schema} ? 1 : 0;
    $args{_embed}                      //= 0;
    $args{_extra_sah_compiler_args}    //= undef;

    # defaults for arguments
    $args{indent}                      //= " " x 4;
    $args{convert}                     //= {};
    $args{compile}                     //= 1;
    $args{log}                         //= 1;
    $args{validate_args}               //= 0
        # function states that it can validate args, so by default we don't have
        # to do validation for it.
        if $meta->{features} && $meta->{features}{validate_args};
    $args{validate_args}               //= 0
        # function might want to disable validate_args by default, e.g. if
        # source code has been processed with
        # Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Validate
        if $meta->{'x.perinci.sub.wrapper.disable_validate_args'};
    $args{validate_args}               //= 0
        # by default do not validate args again if previous wrapper(s) have
        # already done it
        if (grep {$_->{validate_args}} @$wrap_logs);
    $args{validate_args}               //= 1;
    $args{validate_result}             //= 0
        # function might want to disable validate_result by default, e.g. if
        # source code has been processed with
        # Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Validate
        if $meta->{'x.perinci.sub.wrapper.disable_validate_result'};
    $args{validate_result}             //= 0
        # by default do not validate result again if previous wrapper(s) have
        # already done it
        if (grep {$_->{validate_result}} @$wrap_logs);
    $args{validate_result}             //= 1;
    $args{core}                        //= $ENV{PERINCI_WRAPPER_CORE};
    $args{core_or_pp}                  //= $ENV{PERINCI_WRAPPER_CORE_OR_PP};
    $args{pp}                          //= $ENV{PERINCI_WRAPPER_PP};

    my $sub_ref_name;
    # if sub_name is not provided, create a unique name for it. it is needed by
    # the wrapper-generated code (e.g. printing error messages)
    if (!$sub_name || $sub) {
        my $n = $comppkg . "::sub".Scalar::Util::refaddr($sub);
        no strict 'refs'; no warnings; ${$n} = $sub;
        use experimental 'smartmatch';
        if (!$sub_name) {
            $args{sub_name} = $sub_name = '$' . $n;
        }
        $sub_ref_name = '$' . $n;
    }
    # if meta name is not provided, we store the meta somewhere, it is needed by
    # the wrapper-generated code (e.g. deps clause).
    if (!$meta_name) {
        my $n = $comppkg . "::meta".Scalar::Util::refaddr($meta);
        no strict 'refs'; no warnings; ${$n} = $meta;
        use experimental 'smartmatch';
        $args{meta_name} = $meta_name = '$' . $n;
    }

    # shallow copy
    my $opt_cvt = { %{ $args{convert} } };
    my $opt_sin = $args{_schema_is_normalized};

    $meta = normalize_function_metadata($meta)
        unless $opt_sin;

    $self->_reset_work_data(_args=>\%args, _meta=>$meta);

    # add properties from convert, if not yet mentioned in meta
    for (keys %$opt_cvt) {
        $meta->{$_} = undef unless exists $meta->{$_};
    }

    # mark in the metadata that we have done the wrapping, so future wrapping
    # can avoid needless duplicated functionality (like validating args twice).
    # note that handler can log their mark too.
    {
        my @wrap_log = @{ $meta->{$wrap_log_prop} // [] };
        push @wrap_log, {
            validate_args     => $args{validate_args},
            validate_result   => $args{validate_result},
            normalize_schema  => !$opt_sin,
        };
        if ($args{log}) {
            $meta->{$wrap_log_prop} = \@wrap_log;
        }
    }

    # start iterating over properties

    $self->select_section('OPEN_SUB');
    $self->push_lines(
        "package $comppkg;", 'sub {');
    $self->indent;

    $meta->{args_as} //= "hash";

    if ($meta->{args_as} =~ /hash/) {
        $self->select_section('before_call_after_arg_validation');
        # tell function it's being wrapped, currently disabled
        #$self->push_lines('$args{-wrapped} = 1;');
    }

    my %props = map {$_=>1} keys %$meta;
    $props{$_} = 1 for keys %$opt_cvt;

    # collect and check handlers
    my %handler_args;
    my %handler_metas;
    for my $k0 (keys %props) {
        my $k = $k0;
        $k =~ s/\..+//;
        next if $k =~ /\A_/;
        next if $handler_args{$k};
        #if ($k ~~ $self->{_args}{skip}) {
        #    $log->tracef("Skipped property %s (mentioned in skip)", $k);
        #    next;
        #}
        return [500, "Invalid property name $k"] unless $k =~ /\A\w+\z/;
        my $meth = "handlemeta_$k";
        unless ($self->can($meth)) {
            # try a property module first
            require "Perinci/Sub/Property/$k.pm";
            unless ($self->can($meth)) {
                return [500, "No handler for property $k0 ($meth)"];
            }
        }
        my $hm = $self->$meth;
        $hm->{v} //= 1;
        next unless defined $hm->{prio};
        die "Please update property handler $k which is still at v=$hm->{v} ".
            "(needs v=$protocol_version)"
                unless $hm->{v} == $protocol_version;
        my $ha = {
            prio=>$hm->{prio}, value=>$meta->{$k0}, property=>$k0,
            meth=>"handle_$k",
        };
        if (exists $opt_cvt->{$k0}) {
            return [501, "Property '$k0' does not support conversion"]
                unless $hm->{convert};
            $ha->{new}   = $opt_cvt->{$k0};
            $meta->{$k0} = $opt_cvt->{$k0};
        }
        $handler_args{$k}  = $ha;
        $handler_metas{$k} = $hm;
    }

    # call all the handlers in order
    for my $k (sort {$handler_args{$a}{prio} <=> $handler_args{$b}{prio}}
                   keys %handler_args) {
        my $ha = $handler_args{$k};
        my $meth = $ha->{meth};
        local $self->{_cur_handler}      = $meth;
        local $self->{_cur_handler_meta} = $handler_metas{$k};
        local $self->{_cur_handler_args} = $ha;
        $self->$meth(args=>\%args, meta=>$meta, %$ha);
    }

    my $needs_store_res = $self->_needs_store_res;
    if ($needs_store_res) {
        $self->_add_var('_w_res');
    }

    $self->select_section('CALL');
    my $sn = $sub_ref_name // $sub_name;
    $self->push_lines(
        ($needs_store_res ? '$_w_res = ' : "") .
        $sn. ($sn =~ /^\$/ ? "->" : "").
            "(".$self->{_args_token}.");");
    if ($args{validate_result}) {
        $self->select_section('after_call_before_res_validation');
        unless ($meta->{result_naked}) {
            $self->push_lines(
                '',
                '# check that sub produces enveloped result',
                'unless (ref($_w_res) eq "ARRAY" && $_w_res->[0]) {',
            );
            $self->indent;
            if (log_is_trace) {
                $self->_add_module('Data::Dumper');
                $self->push_lines(
                    'local $Data::Dumper::Purity   = 1;',
                    'local $Data::Dumper::Terse    = 1;',
                    'local $Data::Dumper::Indent   = 0;',
                );
                $self->_err(500,
                            qq['BUG: Sub $sub_name does not produce envelope: '.].
                                qq[Data::Dumper::Dumper(\$_w_res)]);
            } else {
                $self->_err(500,
                            qq['BUG: Sub $sub_name does not produce envelope']);
            }
            $self->unindent;
            $self->push_lines('}');
        }
    }

    my $use_eval = $self->_needs_eval;
    if ($use_eval) {
        $self->select_section('CLOSE_EVAL');
        $self->push_lines('return $_w_res;');
        $self->unindent;
        $self->_add_var('_w_eval_err');
        $self->push_lines(
            '};',
            '$_w_eval_err = $@;');

        # _needs_eval will automatically be enabled here, due after_eval being
        # filled
        $self->select_section('after_eval');
        $self->push_lines('warn $_w_eval_err if $_w_eval_err;');
        $self->_errif(500, '"Function died: $_w_eval_err"', '$_w_eval_err');

        $self->select_section('OPEN_EVAL');
        $self->push_lines('eval {');
        $self->indent;
    }

    # return sub result
    $self->select_section('BEFORE_CLOSE_SUB');
    $self->push_lines('return $_w_res;') if $needs_store_res;
    $self->select_section('CLOSE_SUB');
    $self->unindent;
    $self->push_lines('}'); # wrapper sub

    # return wrap result
    my $result = {
        sub_name     => $sub_name,
        sub_ref_name => $sub_ref_name,
        meta         => $meta,
        meta_name    => $meta_name,
        use_eval     => $use_eval,
    };
    if ($args{embed}) {
        $result->{source} = $self->_format_embed_wrapper_code;
    } else {
        my $source = $self->_format_dyn_wrapper_code;
        if ($Log_Wrapper_Code && log_is_trace()) {
            require String::LineNumber;
            log_trace("wrapper code:\n%s",
                         $ENV{LINENUM} // 1 ?
                             String::LineNumber::linenum($source) :
                                   $source);
        }
        $result->{source} = $source;
        if ($args{compile}) {
            my $wrapped = eval $source;
            die "BUG: Wrapper code can't be compiled: $@" if $@ || !$wrapped;
            $result->{sub}  = $wrapped;
        }
    }

    [200, "OK", $result];
}

$SPEC{wrap_sub} = {
    v => 1.1,
    summary => 'Wrap subroutine to do various things, '.
        'like enforcing Rinci properties',
    result => {
        summary => 'The wrapped subroutine along with its new metadata',
        description => <<'_',

Aside from wrapping the subroutine, the wrapper will also create a new metadata
for the subroutine. The new metadata is a clone of the original, with some
properties changed, e.g. schema in `args` and `result` normalized, some values
changed according to the `convert` argument, some defaults set, etc.

The new metadata will also contain (or append) the wrapping log located in the
`x.perinci.sub.wrapper.logs` attribute. The wrapping log marks that the wrapper
has added some functionality (like validating arguments or result) so that
future nested wrapper can choose to avoid duplicating the same functionality.

_
        schema=>['hash*'=>{keys=>{
            sub=>'code*',
            source=>['any*' => of => ['str*', ['hash*' => each_value=>'str*']]],
            meta=>'hash*',
        }}],
    },
    args => {
        sub => {
            schema => 'str*',
            summary => 'The code to be wrapped',
            description => <<'_',

At least one of `sub` or `sub_name` must be specified.

_
        },
        sub_name => {
            schema => 'str*',
            summary => 'The name of the subroutine, '.
                'e.g. func or Foo::func (qualified)',
            description => <<'_',

At least one of `sub` or `sub_name` must be specified.

_
        },
        meta => {
            schema => 'hash*',
            summary => 'The function metadata',
            req => 1,
        },
        meta_name => {
            schema => 'str*',
            summary => 'Where to find the metadata, e.g. "$SPEC{foo}"',
            description => <<'_',

Some wrapper code (e.g. handler for `dep` property) needs to refer to the
function metadata. If not provided, the wrapper will store the function metadata
in a unique variable (e.g. `$Perinci::Sub::Wrapped::meta34127816`).

_
        },
        convert => {
            schema => 'hash*',
            summary => 'Properties to convert to new value',
            description => <<'_',

Not all properties can be converted, but these are a partial list of those that
can: v (usually do not need to be specified when converting from 1.0 to 1.1,
will be done automatically), args_as, result_naked, default_lang.

_
        },
        compile => {
            schema => ['bool' => {default=>1}],
            summary => 'Whether to compile the generated wrapper',
            description => <<'_',

Can be set to 0 to not actually wrap but just return the generated wrapper
source code.

_
        },
        compile => {
            schema => ['bool' => {default=>1}],
            summary => 'Whether to compile the generated wrapper',
            description => <<'_',

Can be set to 0 to not actually wrap but just return the generated wrapper
source code.

_
        },
        debug => {
            schema => [bool => {default=>0}],
            summary => 'Generate code with debugging',
            description => <<'_',

If turned on, will produce various debugging in the generated code. Currently
what this does:

* add more comments (e.g. for each property handler)

_
        },
        validate_args => {
            schema => ['bool'],
            summary => 'Whether wrapper should validate arguments',
            description => <<'_',

If set to true, will validate arguments. Validation error will cause status 400
to be returned. The default is to enable this unless previous wrapper(s) have
already done this.

_
        },
        validate_result => {
            schema => ['bool'],
            summary => 'Whether wrapper should validate arguments',
            description => <<'_',

If set to true, will validate sub's result. Validation error will cause wrapper
to return status 500 instead of sub's result. The default is to enable this
unless previous wrapper(s) have already done this.

_
        },
        core => {
            summary => 'If set to true, will avoid the use of non-core modules',
            schema => 'bool',
        },
        core_or_pp => {
            summary => 'If set to true, will avoid the use of non-core XS modules',
            schema => 'bool',
            description => <<'_',

In other words, will stick to core or pure-perl modules only.

_
        },
        pp => {
            summary => 'If set to true, will avoid the use of XS modules',
            schema => 'bool',
        },
    },
};
    __PACKAGE__->new->wrap(@_);
}

1;
# ABSTRACT: A multi-purpose subroutine wrapping framework


=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

Perinci::Sub::Wrapper - A multi-purpose subroutine wrapping framework

=head1 VERSION

This document describes version 0.852 of Perinci::Sub::Wrapper (from Perl distribution Perinci-Sub-Wrapper), released on 2021-08-01.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

For dynamic usage:

 use Perinci::Sub::Wrapper qw(wrap_sub);
 my $res = wrap_sub(sub_name => "mysub", meta=>{...});
 my ($wrapped_sub, $meta) = ($res->[2]{sub}, $res->[2]{meta});
 $wrapped_sub->(); # call the wrapped function

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Perinci::Sub::Wrapper (PSW for short) is an extensible subroutine wrapping
framework. It generates code to do stuffs before calling your subroutine, like
validate arguments, convert arguments from positional/array to named/hash or
vice versa, etc; as well as generate code to do stuffs after calling your
subroutine, like retry calling for a number of times if subroutine returns a
non-success status, check subroutine result against a schema, etc). Some other
things it can do: apply a timeout, currying, and so on.

PSW differs from other function composition or decoration system like Python
decorators (or its Perl equivalent L<Python::Decorator>) in a couple of ways:

=over

=item * Single wrapper

Instead of multiple/nested wrapping for implementing different features, PSW
is designed to generate a single large wrapper around your code, i.e.:

 sub _wrapper_for_your_sub {
     ...
     # do various stuffs before calling:

     # e.g. start timer
     # e.g. convert, prefill, validate arguments
     my @args = ...;
     ...
     your_sub(@args);
     ...
     # do various stuffs after calling
     ...
     # e.g. report times
     # e.g. perform retry
     # e.g. convert or envelope results

     # return result
 }

Multiple functionalities will be added and combined in this single wrapper
subroutine in the appropriate location. This is done to reduce function call
overhead or depth of nested call levels. And also to make it easier to embed the
wrapping code to your source code (see L<Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Wrap>).

Of course, you can still wrap multiple times if wanted.

=item * Rinci

The wrapper code is built according to the L<Rinci> metadata you provide. Rinci
allows you to specify various things for your function, e.g. list of arguments
including the expected data type of each argument and whether an argument is
required or optional. PSW can then be used to generate the necessary code to
enforce this specification, e.g. generate validator for the function arguments.

Since Rinci specification is extensible, you can describe additional stuffs for
your function and write a PSW plugin to generate the necessary code to implement
your specification. An example is C<timeout> to specify execution time limit,
implemented by L<Perinci::Sub::Property::timeout> which generates code to call
function inside an C<eval()> block and use C<alarm()> to limit the execution.
Another example is C<retry> property, implemented by
L<Perinci::Sub::Property::retry> which generates code to call function inside a
simple retry loop.

=back

Normally you do not use PSW directly in your applications. You might want to
check out L<Perinci::Access::Perl> and L<Perinci::Exporter> on examples of
wrapping function dynamically (during runtime), or
L<Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Wrap> on an example of embedding the generated
wrapping code to source code during build.

=head1 EXTENDING

The framework is simple and extensible. Please delve directly into the source
code for now. Some notes:

The internal uses OO.

The main wrapper building mechanism is in the C<wrap()> method.

For each Rinci property, it will call C<handle_NAME()> wrapper handler method.
The C<handlemeta_NAME()> methods are called first, to determine order of
processing. You can supply these methods either by subclassing the class or,
more simply, monkeypatching the method in the C<Perinci::Sub::Wrapper> package.

The wrapper handler method will be called with a hash argument, containing these
keys: B<value> (property value), B<new> (this key will exist if C<convert>
argument of C<wrap()> exists, to convert a property to a new value).

For properties that have name in the form of C<NAME1.NAME2.NAME3> (i.e., dotted)
only the first part of the name will be used (i.e., C<handle_NAME1()>).

=head1 VARIABLES

=head2 $Log_Wrapper_Code (BOOL)

Whether to log wrapper result. Default is from environment variable
LOG_PERINCI_WRAPPER_CODE, or false. Logging is done with L<Log::ger> at trace
level.

=head1 RINCI FUNCTION METADATA

=head2 x.perinci.sub.wrapper.disable_validate_args => bool

Can be set to 1 to set C<validate_args> to 0 by default. This is used e.g. if
you already embed/insert code to validate arguments by other means and do not
want to repeat validating arguments. E.g. used if you use
L<Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Validate>.

=head2 x.perinci.sub.wrapper.disable_validate_result => bool

Can be set to 1 to set C<validate_result> to 0 by default. This is used e.g. if
you already embed/insert code to validate result by other means and do not want
to repeat validating result. E.g. used if you use
L<Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Validate>.

=head2 x.perinci.sub.wrapper.logs => array

Generated/added by this module to the function metadata for every wrapping done.
Used to avoid adding repeated code, e.g. to validate result or arguments.

=head1 PERFORMANCE NOTES

The following numbers are produced on an Intel Core i5-2400 3.1GHz desktop using
PSW v0.51 and Perl v5.18.2. Operating system is Debian sid (64bit).

For perspective, empty subroutine (C<< sub {} >>) as well as C<< sub { [200,
"OK"] } >> can be called around 5.3 mil/sec.

Wrapping this subroutine C<< sub { [200, "OK"] } >> and this simple metadata C<<
{v=>1.1} >> using default options yields call performance for C<< $sub->() >> of
about 0.9 mil/sec. With C<< validate_args=>0 >> and C<< validate_result=>0 >>,
it's 1.5 mil/sec.

As more (and more complex) arguments are introduced and validated, overhead will
increase. The significant portion of the overhead is in argument validation. For
example, this metadata C<< {v=>1.1, args=>{a=>{schema=>"int"}}} >> yields 0.5
mil/sec.

=head1 FUNCTIONS


=head2 wrap_sub

Usage:

 wrap_sub(%args) -> [$status_code, $reason, $payload, \%result_meta]

Wrap subroutine to do various things, like enforcing Rinci properties.

This function is not exported by default, but exportable.

Arguments ('*' denotes required arguments):

=over 4

=item * B<compile> => I<bool> (default: 1)

Whether to compile the generated wrapper.

Can be set to 0 to not actually wrap but just return the generated wrapper
source code.

=item * B<convert> => I<hash>

Properties to convert to new value.

Not all properties can be converted, but these are a partial list of those that
can: v (usually do not need to be specified when converting from 1.0 to 1.1,
will be done automatically), args_as, result_naked, default_lang.

=item * B<core> => I<bool>

If set to true, will avoid the use of non-core modules.

=item * B<core_or_pp> => I<bool>

If set to true, will avoid the use of non-core XS modules.

In other words, will stick to core or pure-perl modules only.

=item * B<debug> => I<bool> (default: 0)

Generate code with debugging.

If turned on, will produce various debugging in the generated code. Currently
what this does:

=over

=item * add more comments (e.g. for each property handler)

=back

=item * B<meta>* => I<hash>

The function metadata.

=item * B<meta_name> => I<str>

Where to find the metadata, e.g. "$SPEC{foo}".

Some wrapper code (e.g. handler for C<dep> property) needs to refer to the
function metadata. If not provided, the wrapper will store the function metadata
in a unique variable (e.g. C<$Perinci::Sub::Wrapped::meta34127816>).

=item * B<pp> => I<bool>

If set to true, will avoid the use of XS modules.

=item * B<sub> => I<str>

The code to be wrapped.

At least one of C<sub> or C<sub_name> must be specified.

=item * B<sub_name> => I<str>

The name of the subroutine, e.g. func or Foo::func (qualified).

At least one of C<sub> or C<sub_name> must be specified.

=item * B<validate_args> => I<bool>

Whether wrapper should validate arguments.

If set to true, will validate arguments. Validation error will cause status 400
to be returned. The default is to enable this unless previous wrapper(s) have
already done this.

=item * B<validate_result> => I<bool>

Whether wrapper should validate arguments.

If set to true, will validate sub's result. Validation error will cause wrapper
to return status 500 instead of sub's result. The default is to enable this
unless previous wrapper(s) have already done this.


=back

Returns an enveloped result (an array).

First element ($status_code) is an integer containing HTTP-like status code
(200 means OK, 4xx caller error, 5xx function error). Second element
($reason) is a string containing error message, or something like "OK" if status is
200. Third element ($payload) is the actual result, but usually not present when enveloped result is an error response ($status_code is not 2xx). Fourth
element (%result_meta) is called result metadata and is optional, a hash
that contains extra information, much like how HTTP response headers provide additional metadata.

Return value: The wrapped subroutine along with its new metadata (hash)


Aside from wrapping the subroutine, the wrapper will also create a new metadata
for the subroutine. The new metadata is a clone of the original, with some
properties changed, e.g. schema in C<args> and C<result> normalized, some values
changed according to the C<convert> argument, some defaults set, etc.

The new metadata will also contain (or append) the wrapping log located in the
C<x.perinci.sub.wrapper.logs> attribute. The wrapping log marks that the wrapper
has added some functionality (like validating arguments or result) so that
future nested wrapper can choose to avoid duplicating the same functionality.

=for Pod::Coverage ^(new|handle(meta)?_.+|wrap|add_.+|section_empty|indent|unindent|get_indent_level|select_section|push_lines)$

=head1 METHODS

The OO interface is only used internally or when you want to extend the wrapper.

=head1 FAQ

=head2 General

=over

=item * What is a function wrapper?

A wrapper function calls the target function but with additional behaviors. The
goal is similar to function composition or decorator system like in Python (or
its Perl equivalent L<Python::Decorator>) where you use a higher-order function
which accepts another function and modifies it.

It is used to add various functionalities, e.g.: cache/memoization, singleton,
adding benchmarking/timing around function call, logging, argument validation
(parameter checking), checking pre/post-condition, authentication/authorization
checking, etc. The Python folks use decorators quite a bit; see discussions on
the Internet on those.

=item * How is PSW different from Python::Decorator?

PSW uses dynamic code generation (it generates Perl code on the fly). It also
creates a single large wrapper instead of nested wrappers. It builds wrapper
code according to L<Rinci> specification.

=item * Why use code generation?

Mainly because L<Data::Sah>, which is the module used to do argument validation,
also uses code generation. Data::Sah allows us to do data validation at full
Perl speed, which can be one or two orders of magnitude faster than
"interpreter" modules like L<Data::FormValidator>.

=item * Why use a single large wrapper?

This is just a design approach. It can impose some restriction for wrapper code
authors, since everything needs to be put in a single subroutine, but has nice
properties like less stack trace depth and less function call overhead.

=back

=head2 Debugging

=over

=item * How to display the wrapper code being generated?

If environment variable L<LOG_PERINCI_WRAPPER_CODE> or package variable
$Log_Perinci_Wrapper_Code is set to true, generated wrapper source code is
logged at trace level using L<Log::ger>. It can be displayed, for example:

 % LOG_PERINCI_WRAPPER_CODE=1 TRACE=1 \
   perl -MLog::ger::LevelFromEnv -MLog::ger::Output=Screen \
   -MPerinci::Sub::Wrapper=wrap_sub \
   -e 'wrap_sub(sub=>sub{}, meta=>{v=>1.1, args=>{a=>{schema=>"int"}}});'

Note that L<Data::Sah> (the module used to generate validator code) observes
C<LOG_SAH_VALIDATOR_CODE>, but during wrapping this environment flag is
currently disabled by this module, so you need to set
L<LOG_PERINCI_WRAPPER_CODE> instead.

=back

=head2 caller() doesn't work from inside my wrapped code!

Wrapping adds at least one or two levels of calls: one for the wrapper
subroutine itself, the other is for the eval trap when necessary.

This poses a problem if you need to call caller() from within your wrapped code;
it will also be off by at least one or two.

The solution is for your function to use the caller() replacement, provided by
L<Perinci::Sub::Util>. Or use embedded mode, where the wrapper code won't add
extra subroutine calls.

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

=head2 LOG_PERINCI_WRAPPER_CODE (bool)

If set to 1, will log the generated wrapper code. This value is used to set
C<$Log_Wrapper_Code> if it is not already set.

=head2 PERINCI_WRAPPER_CORE => bool

Set default for wrap argument C<core>.

=head2 PERINCI_WRAPPER_CORE_OR_PP => bool

Set default for wrap argument C<core_or_pp>.

=head2 PERINCI_WRAPPER_PP => bool

Set default for wrap argument C<pp>.

=head1 HOMEPAGE

Please visit the project's homepage at L<https://metacpan.org/release/Perinci-Sub-Wrapper>.

=head1 SOURCE

Source repository is at L<https://github.com/perlancar/perl-Perinci-Sub-Wrapper>.

=head1 BUGS

Please report any bugs or feature requests on the bugtracker website L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Perinci-Sub-Wrapper>

When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a
patch to an existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired
feature.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Perinci>, L<Rinci>

L<Python::Decorator>

L<Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Wrap>

L<Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Rinci::Validate>

=head1 AUTHOR

perlancar <[e-mail]>

=head1 CONTRIBUTORS

=for stopwords s1 Steven Haryanto

=over 4

=item *

s1 <[e-mail]>

=item *

Steven Haryanto <[e-mail]>

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2021, 2019, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 by [e-mail].

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut