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package Panotools::Photos; |
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=head1 NAME |
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Panotools::Photos - Photo sets |
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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Query sets of photos |
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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A collection of photos has possibilities, it could be one or more panoramas or a |
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bracketed set. This module provides some methods for describing groups of |
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photos based on available metadata |
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=cut |
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use strict; |
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use warnings; |
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use File::Spec; |
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use Image::ExifTool; |
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=head1 USAGE |
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Create a new object like so: |
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my $photos = new Panotools::Photos; |
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Alternatively supply some filenames: |
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my $photos = new Panotools::Photos ('DSC_0001.JPG', 'DSC_0002.JPG'); |
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=over |
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=cut |
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sub new |
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{ |
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my $class = shift; |
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$class = ref $class || $class; |
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my $self = bless [], $class; |
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$self->Paths (@_); |
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return $self; |
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} |
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=item Paths |
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Add to or get the list of image filenames: |
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$photos->Paths ('DSC_0003.JPG', 'DSC_0004.JPG'); |
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my @paths = $photos->Paths; |
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55
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=cut |
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sub Paths |
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{ |
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my $self = shift; |
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for my $path (@_) |
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{ |
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203637
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push @{$self}, {path => $path, exif => Image::ExifTool::ImageInfo ($path)}; |
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} |
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return map ($_->{path}, @{$self}); |
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} |
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=item Stub |
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Construct a stub filename from the names of the first and last images in the |
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list. |
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my $stub = $photos->Stub; |
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e.g. DSC_0001.JPG DSC_0002.JPG DSC_0003.JPG -> DSC_0001-DSC_0003 |
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=cut |
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sub Stub |
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{ |
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my $self = shift; |
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1
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my $path_a = $self->[0]->{path}; |
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1
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my $path_b = $self->[-1]->{path}; |
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# strip any suffixes |
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1
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$path_a =~ s/\.[[:alnum:]]+$//; |
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$path_b =~ s/\.[[:alnum:]]+$//; |
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# strip all but filename |
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$path_b =~ s/.*[\/\\]//; |
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1
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return $path_a .'-'. $path_b; |
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} |
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=item Bracketed |
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Query to discover if this is a likely bracketed set. i.e. is the total number |
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of photos divisible by the number of different exposures: |
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96
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&do_stuff if ($photos->Bracketed); |
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98
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=cut |
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100
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sub Bracketed |
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{ |
102
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my $self = shift; |
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# bracketed photos are not shot on 'Auto Exposure' |
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for my $index (0 .. scalar @{$self} -1) |
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105
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{ |
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next unless defined $self->[$index]->{exif}->{ExposureMode}; |
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return 0 if $self->[$index]->{exif}->{ExposureMode} eq 'Auto'; |
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} |
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my $brackets = scalar (@{$self->Speeds}); |
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# require equal numbers of each exposure level |
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100
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return 0 if (scalar (@{$self}) % $brackets); |
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112
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# require more than one exposure level |
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return 0 if ($brackets < 2); |
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# require bracketing order repeats: 1/50 1/100 1/200 1/50 1/100 1/200 etc... |
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for my $index ($brackets .. scalar @{$self} -1) |
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116
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{ |
117
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return 0 unless $self->[$index]->{exif}->{ExposureTime} eq $self->[$index - $brackets]->{exif}->{ExposureTime}; |
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} |
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120
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3
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15
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return 1; |
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} |
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123
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=item Layered |
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125
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Query to discover if this is a layered set, i.e. there is a large exposure |
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difference in the set, but it isn't bracketed. |
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128
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&do_stuff if ($photos->Layered); |
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130
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By default the threshold is 4, e.g. exposures varying between 2 and 1/2 |
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seconds indicate layers. Vary this threshold like so: |
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133
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&do_stuff if ($photos->Layered (2)); |
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135
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=cut |
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137
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sub Layered |
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{ |
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my $self = shift; |
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100
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my $factor = shift || 4; |
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10
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return 0 if $self->Bracketed; |
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my $longest = $self->Speeds->[0]; |
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my $shortest = $self->Speeds->[-1]; |
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if ($longest =~ /^1\/([0-9]+)$/) {$longest = 1 / $1}; |
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if ($shortest =~ /^1\/([0-9]+)$/) {$shortest = 1 / $1}; |
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return 0 unless $longest or $shortest; |
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return 0 if $shortest == 0; |
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return 0 if $longest / $shortest < $factor; |
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return 1; |
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} |
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152
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=item Speeds |
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154
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Get a list of exposure times sorted with longest exposure first |
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156
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@speeds = @{$photos->Speeds}; |
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158
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=cut |
159
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160
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sub Speeds |
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{ |
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my $self = shift; |
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my $speeds = {}; |
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for my $image (@{$self}) |
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165
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{ |
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175
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0
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453
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my $et = $image->{exif}->{ShutterSpeedValue} || $image->{exif}->{ExposureTime} || $image->{exif}->{ShutterSpeed} || 0; |
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$speeds->{$et} = 'TRUE'; |
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} |
169
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return [sort {_normalise ($b) <=> _normalise ($a)} keys %{$speeds}]; |
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170
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} |
171
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172
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sub _normalise |
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{ |
174
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105
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105
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my $number = shift; |
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105
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100
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if ($number =~ /^1\/([0-9]+)$/) {$number = 1 / $1}; |
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return $number; |
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} |
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179
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=item SplitInterval |
180
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181
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Given a set of photos, split it into a one or more sets by looking at the |
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variation of time interval between shots. e.g. typically the interval between |
183
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shots in a panorama varies by less than 15 seconds. A variation greater than |
184
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that indicates the start of the next panorama: |
185
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186
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my @sets = $photos->SplitInterval (15); |
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188
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Sets with an average interval greater than 4x this variation are not considered |
189
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panoramas at all and discarded. |
190
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191
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=cut |
192
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193
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sub SplitInterval |
194
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{ |
195
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6
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6
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1
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13
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my $self = shift; |
196
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6
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50
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16
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my $d_inc = shift || 15; |
197
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6
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9
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my $max_inc = $d_inc * 4; |
198
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6
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9
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my @groups; |
199
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200
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6
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23
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my $group_tmp = new Panotools::Photos; |
201
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6
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6
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my $previous_time; |
202
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6
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8
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my $previous_inc = 0; |
203
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6
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9
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for my $image (@{$self}) |
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6
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9
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204
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{ |
205
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26
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66
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64
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my $datetime = $image->{exif}->{'DateTimeOriginal'} || $image->{exif}->{'FileModifyDate'}; |
206
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26
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53
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my $time_unix = Image::ExifTool::GetUnixTime ($datetime); |
207
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26
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100
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4158
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$previous_time = $time_unix unless (defined $previous_time); |
208
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26
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33
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my $inc = $time_unix - $previous_time; |
209
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210
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26
|
100
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50
|
if (($inc - $previous_inc) > $d_inc) |
211
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{ |
212
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5
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50
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13
|
push @groups, $group_tmp if ($group_tmp->AverageInterval < $max_inc); |
213
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5
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14
|
$group_tmp = new Panotools::Photos; |
214
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} |
215
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26
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27
|
push @{$group_tmp}, $image; |
|
26
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34
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216
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217
|
26
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27
|
$previous_time = $time_unix; |
218
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26
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40
|
$previous_inc = $inc; |
219
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} |
220
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6
|
50
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|
14
|
push @groups, $group_tmp if ($group_tmp->AverageInterval < $max_inc); |
221
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6
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72
|
return @groups; |
222
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} |
223
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224
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=item AverageInterval |
225
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226
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Get the average time between shots: |
227
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228
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|
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$average = $photos->AverageInterval; |
229
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230
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=cut |
231
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232
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|
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sub AverageInterval |
233
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{ |
234
|
11
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11
|
1
|
14
|
my $self = shift; |
235
|
11
|
100
|
|
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|
12
|
return 0 unless (scalar @{$self} > 1); |
|
11
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33
|
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236
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237
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5
|
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33
|
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|
19
|
my $start = $self->[0]->{exif}->{'DateTimeOriginal'} || $self->[0]->{exif}->{'FileModifyDate'}; |
238
|
5
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|
33
|
|
|
13
|
my $end = $self->[-1]->{exif}->{'DateTimeOriginal'} || $self->[-1]->{exif}->{'FileModifyDate'}; |
239
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240
|
5
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10
|
my $totaltime = Image::ExifTool::GetUnixTime ($end) - Image::ExifTool::GetUnixTime ($start); |
241
|
5
|
|
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|
|
392
|
return $totaltime / (scalar @{$self} -1); |
|
5
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|
20
|
|
242
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|
|
} |
243
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244
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|
|
=item FOV FocalLength Rotation |
245
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246
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|
|
Get the Angle of View in degrees of the first photo: |
247
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248
|
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|
|
$photos->FOV; |
249
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250
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|
|
..or any other photo (-1 is last): |
251
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252
|
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|
|
$photos->FOV (123); |
253
|
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254
|
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|
|
Returns undef if the FOV can't be calculated. |
255
|
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|
256
|
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|
|
=cut |
257
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|
258
|
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|
|
sub FOV |
259
|
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|
|
{ |
260
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
1
|
13
|
my $self = shift; |
261
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
my $index = 0; |
262
|
4
|
100
|
|
|
|
14
|
$index = shift if @_; |
263
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
my $fov = $self->[$index]->{exif}->{'FOV'}; |
264
|
4
|
100
|
|
|
|
24
|
$fov =~ s/ .*$// if defined $fov; |
265
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
34
|
return $fov; |
266
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
267
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
268
|
|
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|
|
|
|
sub FocalLength |
269
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
270
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
my $self = shift; |
271
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
my $index = 0; |
272
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
$index = shift if @_; |
273
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
my $fl = $self->[$index]->{exif}->{'FocalLengthIn35mmFormat'}; |
274
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
$fl =~ s/ .*$// if defined $fl; |
275
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
return $fl; |
276
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
277
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub Rotation |
279
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
280
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
my $self = shift; |
281
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
my $index = shift || 0; |
282
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
my $rotation = $self->[$index]->{exif}->{'Rotation'} || undef; |
283
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
return 0 unless $rotation; |
284
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
return 0 if $rotation =~ /Mirror/; |
285
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0 if ($self->[$index]->{exif}->{'ImageWidth'} |
286
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
< $self->[$index]->{exif}->{'ImageHeight'}); |
287
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
return 90 if $rotation =~ /Rotate 90 CW/; |
288
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
return 180 if $rotation =~ /Rotate 180/; |
289
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
return -90 if $rotation =~ /Rotate 270 CW/; |
290
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
return 0; |
291
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
292
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 1 => 'Horizontal (normal)', |
293
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 3 => 'Rotate 180', |
294
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 6 => 'Rotate 90 CW', |
295
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 8 => 'Rotate 270 CW', |
296
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
297
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 2 => 'Mirror horizontal', |
298
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 4 => 'Mirror vertical', |
299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 5 => 'Mirror horizontal and rotate 270 CW', |
300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 7 => 'Mirror horizontal and rotate 90 CW', |
301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
302
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
303
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
304
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item Eev |
305
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
306
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Get an EV value for a photo, this will be guessed from partial EXIF data: |
307
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$photos->Eev ($index); |
309
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
311
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
312
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub Eev |
313
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
314
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
my $self = shift; |
315
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
my $index = shift || 0; |
316
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
my $exif = $self->[$index]->{exif}; |
317
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
my $aperture = $exif->{Aperture} || 1.0; |
318
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
my $et = $exif->{ExposureTime} || $exif->{ShutterSpeed} || 1.0; |
319
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
if ($et =~ /^1\/([0-9]+)$/) {$et = 1 / $1}; |
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
320
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
my $iso = $exif->{ISO} || 100; |
321
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# (A light value of 0 is defined as f/1.0 at 1 second with ISO 100) |
322
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
return sprintf ('%.3f', (2*log ($aperture) - log($et) - log($iso/100)) / log(2)); |
323
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
324
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
325
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item AverageRGB |
326
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
327
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Find the mean average colour balance for all photos: |
328
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($red, $green, $blue) = $photos->AverageRGB; |
330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=back |
332
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
333
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
334
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
335
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub AverageRGB |
336
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
337
|
3
|
|
|
3
|
1
|
7
|
my $self = shift; |
338
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
my $RedBalance = 0; |
339
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
my $GreenBalance = 0; |
340
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
my $BlueBalance = 0; |
341
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
my $count = 0; |
342
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
for my $image (@{$self}) |
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
343
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
344
|
24
|
100
|
100
|
|
|
59
|
next unless ($image->{exif}->{'RedBalance'} and $image->{exif}->{'BlueBalance'}); |
345
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
$RedBalance += $image->{exif}->{'RedBalance'}; |
346
|
2
|
50
|
|
|
|
8
|
$GreenBalance += $image->{exif}->{'GreenBalance'} if defined $image->{exif}->{'GreenBalance'}; |
347
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
28
|
$BlueBalance += $image->{exif}->{'BlueBalance'}; |
348
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
$count++; |
349
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
350
|
3
|
100
|
|
|
|
17
|
return (1,1,1) unless $count; |
351
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
return ($RedBalance / $count, $GreenBalance / $count, $BlueBalance / $count); |
352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
353
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
354
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1; |