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| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 NAME | 
| 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | PDLA - the Perl Data Language | 
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 DESCRIPTION | 
| 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (For the exported PDLA constructor, pdl(), see L) | 
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | PDLA is the Perl Data Language, a perl extension that is designed for | 
| 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  | scientific and bulk numeric data processing and display.  It extends | 
| 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  | perl's syntax and includes fully vectorized, multidimensional array | 
| 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  | handling, plus several paths for device-independent graphics output. | 
| 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 14 |  |  |  |  |  |  | PDLA is fast, comparable and often outperforming IDL and MATLAB in real | 
| 15 |  |  |  |  |  |  | world applications. PDLA allows large N-dimensional data sets such as large | 
| 16 |  |  |  |  |  |  | images, spectra, etc to be stored efficiently and manipulated quickly. | 
| 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 19 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 VECTORIZATION | 
| 20 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  | For a description of the vectorization (also called "threading"), see | 
| 22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | L. | 
| 23 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 25 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 INTERACTIVE SHELL | 
| 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 27 |  |  |  |  |  |  | The PDLA package includes an interactive shell. You can learn about it, | 
| 28 |  |  |  |  |  |  | run C, or run the shell C or C and type | 
| 29 |  |  |  |  |  |  | C. | 
| 30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 LOOKING FOR A FUNCTION? | 
| 32 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 33 |  |  |  |  |  |  | If you want to search for a function name, you should use the PDLA | 
| 34 |  |  |  |  |  |  | shell along with the "help" or "apropos" command (to do a fuzzy search). | 
| 35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | For example: | 
| 36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 37 |  |  |  |  |  |  | pdl> apropos xval | 
| 38 |  |  |  |  |  |  | xlinvals        X axis values between endpoints (see xvals). | 
| 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  | xlogvals        X axis values logarithmicly spaced... | 
| 40 |  |  |  |  |  |  | xvals           Fills a piddle with X index values... | 
| 41 |  |  |  |  |  |  | yvals           Fills a piddle with Y index values. See the CAVEAT for xvals. | 
| 42 |  |  |  |  |  |  | zvals           Fills a piddle with Z index values. See the CAVEAT for xvals. | 
| 43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  | To learn more about the PDLA shell, see L or L. | 
| 45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 46 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION | 
| 47 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 48 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Most PDLA documentation describes the language features. The number of | 
| 49 |  |  |  |  |  |  | PDLA pages is too great to list here. The following pages offer some | 
| 50 |  |  |  |  |  |  | guidance to help you find the documentation you need. | 
| 51 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 52 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 53 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =over 5 | 
| 54 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 55 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 56 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 57 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Frequently asked questions about PDLA. This page covers a lot of | 
| 58 |  |  |  |  |  |  | questions that do not fall neatly into any of the documentation | 
| 59 |  |  |  |  |  |  | categories. | 
| 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 61 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 62 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 63 |  |  |  |  |  |  | A guide to PDLA's tutorial-style documentation. With topics from beginner | 
| 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  | to advanced, these pages teach you various aspects of PDLA step by step. | 
| 65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 66 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 67 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 68 |  |  |  |  |  |  | A guide to PDLA's module reference. Modules are organized by level | 
| 69 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (foundation to advanced) and by category (graphics, numerical methods, | 
| 70 |  |  |  |  |  |  | etc) to help you find the module you need as quickly as possible. | 
| 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 72 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 74 |  |  |  |  |  |  | This page compiles PDLA's tutorial and reference pages into a comprehensive | 
| 75 |  |  |  |  |  |  | course that takes you from a complete beginner level to expert. | 
| 76 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 77 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 79 |  |  |  |  |  |  | List of all available documentation, sorted alphabetically. If you | 
| 80 |  |  |  |  |  |  | cannot find what you are looking for, try here. | 
| 81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 82 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =back | 
| 83 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 84 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 85 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 MODULES | 
| 86 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 87 |  |  |  |  |  |  | PDLA includes about a dozen perl modules that form the core of the | 
| 88 |  |  |  |  |  |  | language, plus additional modules that add further functionality. | 
| 89 |  |  |  |  |  |  | The perl module "PDLA" loads all of the core modules automatically, | 
| 90 |  |  |  |  |  |  | making their functions available in the current perl namespace. | 
| 91 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Some notes: | 
| 92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 93 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =over 5 | 
| 94 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item Modules loaded by default | 
| 96 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 97 |  |  |  |  |  |  | See the SYNOPSIS section at the end of this document for a list of | 
| 98 |  |  |  |  |  |  | modules loaded by default. | 
| 99 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 100 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L and L | 
| 101 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 102 |  |  |  |  |  |  | These are lighter-weight alternatives to the standard PDLA module. | 
| 103 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consider using these modules if startup time becomes an issue. | 
| 104 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 105 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item Exports | 
| 106 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 107 |  |  |  |  |  |  | C | 
| 108 |  |  |  |  |  |  | namespace.  If you want to avoid namespace pollution, you must instead | 
| 109 |  |  |  |  |  |  | C | 
| 110 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 111 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 112 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 113 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Note that the L syntax is NOT automatically | 
| 114 |  |  |  |  |  |  | loaded by C | 
| 115 |  |  |  |  |  |  | a standalone script, you must also say C | 
| 116 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 117 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =item L | 
| 118 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 119 |  |  |  |  |  |  | The L module has been added to the list of modules | 
| 120 |  |  |  |  |  |  | for versions later than 2.3.1. Note that PDLA::Math is still | 
| 121 |  |  |  |  |  |  | I included in the L and L | 
| 122 |  |  |  |  |  |  | start-up modules. | 
| 123 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 124 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =back | 
| 125 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 126 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =head1 SYNOPSIS | 
| 127 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 128 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA; # Is equivalent to the following: | 
| 129 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 130 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Core; | 
| 131 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Ops; | 
| 132 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Primitive; | 
| 133 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Ufunc; | 
| 134 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Basic; | 
| 135 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Slices; | 
| 136 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Bad; | 
| 137 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::MatrixOps; | 
| 138 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Math; | 
| 139 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Version; | 
| 140 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::IO::Misc; | 
| 141 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::IO::FITS; | 
| 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::IO::Pic; | 
| 143 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Lvalue; | 
| 144 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 145 |  |  |  |  |  |  | =cut | 
| 146 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 147 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 148 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # set the version: | 
| 149 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $PDLA::VERSION = '2.013001'; | 
| 150 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 151 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Main loader of standard PDLA package | 
| 152 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 153 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub PDLA::import { | 
| 154 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 155 | 39 |  |  | 39 |  | 935 | my $pkg = (caller())[0]; | 
| 156 | 39 |  |  | 39 |  | 4411 | eval <<"EOD"; | 
|  | 39 |  |  |  |  | 34257 |  | 
|  | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|  | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 157 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 158 |  |  |  |  |  |  | package $pkg; | 
| 159 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 160 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Load the fundamental packages | 
| 161 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 162 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Core; | 
| 163 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Ops; | 
| 164 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Primitive; | 
| 165 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Ufunc; | 
| 166 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Basic; | 
| 167 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Slices; | 
| 168 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Bad; | 
| 169 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Math; | 
| 170 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::MatrixOps; | 
| 171 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Lvalue; | 
| 172 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 173 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Load these for TPJ compatibility | 
| 174 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 175 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::IO::Misc;          # Misc IO (Ascii) | 
| 176 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::IO::FITS;          # FITS IO (rfits/wfits; used by rpic/wpic too) | 
| 177 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::IO::Pic;           # rpic/wpic | 
| 178 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 179 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Load this so config/install info is available | 
| 180 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 181 |  |  |  |  |  |  | use PDLA::Config; | 
| 182 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 183 |  |  |  |  |  |  | EOD | 
| 184 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 185 | 39 | 50 |  |  |  | 44360 | die $@ if $@; | 
| 186 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 187 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 188 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 189 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 190 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Dummy Package PDLA Statement. This is only needed so CPAN | 
| 191 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # properly recognizes the PDLA package. | 
| 192 |  |  |  |  |  |  | package PDLA; | 
| 193 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 194 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # support: use Inline with => 'PDLA'; | 
| 195 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Returns a hash containing parameters accepted by recent versions of | 
| 196 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Inline, to tweak compilation.  Not normally called by anyone but | 
| 197 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # the Inline API. | 
| 198 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # | 
| 199 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # If you're trying to debug the actual code, you're looking for "IFiles.pm" | 
| 200 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # which is currently in the Core directory. --CED 23-Feb-2015 | 
| 201 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub Inline { | 
| 202 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | require PDLA::Install::Files; | 
| 203 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | goto &PDLA::Install::Files::Inline; | 
| 204 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 205 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 206 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ################################################## | 
| 207 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Rudimentary handling for multiple Perl threads # | 
| 208 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ################################################## | 
| 209 |  |  |  |  |  |  | my $clone_skip_should_be_quiet = 0; | 
| 210 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub CLONE_SKIP { | 
| 211 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | warn("* If you need to share PDLA data across threads, use memory mapped data, or\n" | 
| 212 |  |  |  |  |  |  | . "* check out PDLA::Parallel::threads, available on CPAN.\n" | 
| 213 |  |  |  |  |  |  | . "* You can silence this warning by saying `PDLA::no_clone_skip_warning;'\n" | 
| 214 |  |  |  |  |  |  | . "* before you create your first thread.\n") | 
| 215 |  |  |  |  |  |  | unless $clone_skip_should_be_quiet; | 
| 216 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | PDLA::no_clone_skip_warning(); | 
| 217 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Whether we warned or not, always return 1 to tell Perl not to clone PDLA data | 
| 218 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | return 1; | 
| 219 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 220 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub no_clone_skip_warning { | 
| 221 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | $clone_skip_should_be_quiet = 1; | 
| 222 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 223 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 224 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # Exit with OK status | 
| 225 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1; |