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| 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | package Math::ODE; | 
| 2 | 7 |  |  | 7 |  | 167641 | use strict; | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 15 |  | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 181 |  | 
| 3 | 7 |  |  | 7 |  | 35 | use warnings; | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 191 |  | 
| 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 5 | 7 |  |  | 7 |  | 6537 | use Data::Dumper; | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 71855 |  | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 431 |  | 
| 6 | 7 |  |  | 7 |  | 44 | use Carp; | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 15 |  | 
|  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 10874 |  | 
| 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | my $VERSION = '0.07'; | 
| 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $Data::Dumper::Varname = "y"; | 
| 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1; | 
| 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub evolve | 
| 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 14 | 41 |  |  | 41 | 0 | 1343 | my $self = shift; | 
| 15 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 98 | my ($F,$h,$t,$initial,$file) = map{ $self->{$_} } qw(ODE step t0 initial file); | 
|  | 205 |  |  |  |  | 472 |  | 
| 16 | 41 | 100 | 50 |  |  | 379 | my $delim = $self->{csv} ? ',' : ($self->{delim} || $self->{delimeter} || " "); | 
| 17 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 58 | my $y; | 
| 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  | my $fh; | 
| 19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 20 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # don't clobber the initial condition in case we want to do multiple runs | 
| 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # with the same object | 
| 22 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 110 | @$y = @$initial; | 
| 23 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 24 | 41 | 100 |  |  |  | 98 | if( defined $file ){ | 
| 25 | 4 | 50 |  |  |  | 531 | open($fh,'>', $file) or croak "$file: $!"; | 
| 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 27 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 28 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 101 | $self->_clear_values; | 
| 29 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 30 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 150 | while ( $t < $self->{tf} ){ | 
| 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # use Runge Kutta 4th order to step from $t to $t + $h | 
| 32 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 22622 | $y = _RK4($self,$t,$y); | 
| 33 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 34 | 12283 | 50 |  |  |  | 28815 | warn "Exiting RK4 with t=$t ," . Dumper($y) . "\n" if( $self->{verbose} > 1 ); | 
| 35 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 36 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 25887 | for my $i ( 0 .. $self->{N}-1 ){ | 
| 37 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # check for under/over flow | 
| 38 | 22900 | 50 |  |  |  | 194960 | next unless $y->[$i] =~ qr/nan|infinity/i; | 
| 39 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  | 0 | warn "Bailing out, over/under flow at t=$t,y->[$i] = $y->[$i]" if $self->{verbose}; | 
| 40 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | return undef; | 
| 41 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 42 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 15994 | $t += $h; | 
| 43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 44 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 18650 | my $str = join $delim,  map { sprintf $self->{format}, $_ } ($t, @$y); | 
|  | 35183 |  |  |  |  | 159577 |  | 
| 45 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 21390 | chop $str; | 
| 46 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 47 | 12283 | 100 |  |  |  | 56470 | if( defined $file ){ | 
|  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 48 | 44 |  |  |  |  | 218 | print $fh "$str\n"; | 
| 49 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } elsif ( ! $self->{keep_values} ) { | 
| 50 | 11 |  |  |  |  | 97 | print "$str\n"; | 
| 51 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 52 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 53 | 41 | 100 |  |  |  | 319 | close $fh if defined $file; | 
| 54 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 152 | return $self; | 
| 55 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 56 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 57 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub _RK4 | 
| 58 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 59 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # $t = dependent variable | 
| 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # $y = $N - vector of independent variables | 
| 61 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # $h = step size | 
| 62 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # $F = arrayref of coderefs of the equations to solve | 
| 63 | 12283 |  |  | 12283 |  | 17788 | my ($self,$t,$y) =  @_; | 
| 64 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 16202 | my $F = $self->{ODE}; | 
| 65 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 16529 | my $h = $self->{step}; | 
| 66 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 67 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ## w vectors hold constants for equations | 
| 68 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ## each $q holds a modified $y vector to feed to the next | 
| 69 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ## for loop ( ie $y + $w1/2 , etc ... ) | 
| 70 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 13503 | my (@w1,@w2,@w3,@w4,$q); | 
| 71 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 28512 | my @indices = ( 0 .. $self->{N} - 1 ); | 
| 72 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 73 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 18907 | map { $w1[$_]  = $h * &{ $F->[$_] }($t,$y)           } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 61080 |  | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 51945 |  | 
| 74 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 60733 | map { $q->[$_] = $y->[$_] + 0.5*$w1[$_]              } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 54463 |  | 
| 75 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 76 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 16129 | map { $w2[$_]  = $h * &{ $F->[$_] }($t + 0.5*$h,$q)  } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 62670 |  | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 50095 |  | 
| 77 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 54919 | map { $q->[$_] = $y->[$_] + 0.5*$w2[$_]              } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 45225 |  | 
| 78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 79 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 16522 | map { $w3[$_]  = $h * &{ $F->[$_] }($t + 0.5*$h,$q)  } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 62666 |  | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 49155 |  | 
| 80 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 53383 | map { $q->[$_] = $y->[$_] + $w3[$_]                  } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 43926 |  | 
| 81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 82 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 15117 | map { $w4[$_]  = $h * &{ $F->[$_] }($t + $h,$q)      } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 58400 |  | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 48696 |  | 
| 83 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 53497 | map { $y->[$_]+= ( $w1[$_] + 2 * $w2[$_] + 2 * $w3[$_] + $w4[$_])/6 } @indices; | 
|  | 22900 |  |  |  |  | 58164 |  | 
| 84 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 85 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 27787 | $self->_store_values( $t + $h, $y ); | 
| 86 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 87 | 12283 |  |  |  |  | 40282 | return $y; | 
| 88 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 90 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub _store_values | 
| 91 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 92 | 12283 |  |  | 12283 |  | 16970 | my ($self,$t, $y) = @_; | 
| 93 | 12283 | 100 |  |  |  | 25636 | return unless  $self->{keep_values}; | 
| 94 | 12261 |  |  |  |  | 50544 | my $s = sprintf $self->{format}, $t ; | 
| 95 | 12261 |  |  |  |  | 14299 | push @{ $self->{values}{$s} }, @$y; | 
|  | 12261 |  |  |  |  | 53018 |  | 
| 96 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 97 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 98 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub values_at | 
| 99 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 100 | 12230 |  |  | 12230 | 0 | 19167 | my ($self,$t, %args) = @_; | 
| 101 | 12230 | 100 |  |  |  | 22477 | if ($self->{keep_values}){ | 
| 102 | 12229 |  |  |  |  | 12252 | return @{ $self->{values}{sprintf($self->{format},$t)} }; | 
|  | 12229 |  |  |  |  | 76329 |  | 
| 103 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } else { | 
| 104 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 62 | warn "Values were not kept because keep_values was set to 0"; | 
| 105 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 6 | return; | 
| 106 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 107 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 108 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # because Math::ODE implements a 4th order Runge-Kutta method | 
| 109 | 73 |  |  | 73 | 0 | 987 | sub error {  $_[0]->{step} ** 4 } | 
| 110 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 111 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub file | 
| 112 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 113 | 1 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 9 | my ($self,$target) = @_; | 
| 114 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 115 | 1 | 50 |  |  |  | 4 | if ($target) { | 
| 116 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | $self->{file} = $target; | 
| 117 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } else { | 
| 118 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 28 | return $self->{file}; | 
| 119 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 120 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 121 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 122 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub format | 
| 123 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 124 | 4 |  |  | 4 | 0 | 8 | my ($self,$format) = @_; | 
| 125 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 126 | 4 | 100 |  |  |  | 19 | $format ? $self->{format} = $format : return $self->{format}; | 
| 127 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 128 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 129 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub step | 
| 130 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 131 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | my ($self,$step) = @_; | 
| 132 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  | 0 | if (defined $step){ | 
| 133 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | croak "Stepsize must be strictly between zero and one" | 
| 134 |  |  |  |  |  |  | if ($step <= 0 || $step >= 1); | 
| 135 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 136 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | $self->{step} = $step; | 
| 137 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 138 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | return $self->{step}; | 
| 139 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 140 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 141 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub initial | 
| 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 143 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | my ($self, $initial) = @_; | 
| 144 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 145 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  | 0 | croak "not an array ref" unless ref $initial eq "ARRAY"; | 
| 146 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 147 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | $self->{initial} = $initial; | 
| 148 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 149 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 150 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 151 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub _clear_values | 
| 152 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 153 | 82 |  |  | 82 |  | 123 | my $self = shift; | 
| 154 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $self->{values} = {} | 
| 155 | 82 |  |  |  |  | 203 | } | 
| 156 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 157 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub _init | 
| 158 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 159 | 41 |  |  | 41 |  | 211 | my ($self,%args) = @_; | 
| 160 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 161 |  |  |  |  |  |  | # defaults | 
| 162 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 122 | $self->{keep_values} = 1; | 
| 163 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 79 | $self->{verbose}     = 1; | 
| 164 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 77 | $self->{step}        = 0.1; | 
| 165 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 75 | $self->{csv}         = 0; | 
| 166 | 41 |  | 50 |  |  | 48 | $self->{N}           = scalar( @{ $args{ODE} } ) || 1; | 
| 167 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 88 | $self->{format}      = '%.12f'; | 
| 168 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 169 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 280 | @$self{keys %args} = values %args; | 
| 170 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 171 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 168 | $self->_clear_values; | 
| 172 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 173 | 41 | 50 |  |  |  | 78 | if( $self->{N} != scalar(  @{ $args{initial } }) ){ | 
|  | 41 |  |  |  |  | 158 |  | 
| 174 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 | croak "Must have same number of initial conditions as equations!"; | 
| 175 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 176 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 177 | 41 | 50 |  |  |  | 175 | croak "Stepsize must be positive!"               if $self->{step} <= 0; | 
| 178 | 41 | 50 |  |  |  | 123 | croak "\$self->t0 must be less than \$self->tf!" if $self->{t0}   >= $self->{tf}; | 
| 179 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 180 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 187 | return $self; | 
| 181 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 182 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 183 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub max_error | 
| 184 |  |  |  |  |  |  | { | 
| 185 | 36 |  |  | 36 | 0 | 286 | my ($self, $sols) = @_; | 
| 186 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 187 | 36 |  |  |  |  | 50 | my $max_error = 0; | 
| 188 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 189 | 36 |  |  |  |  | 53 | for my $pt ( sort keys %{$self->{values}} ){ | 
|  | 36 |  |  |  |  | 8922 |  | 
| 190 | 12228 |  |  |  |  | 13758 | my $k = 0; | 
| 191 | 12228 |  |  |  |  | 23468 | my @vals = $self->values_at($pt); | 
| 192 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 193 | 12228 |  |  |  |  | 21448 | for my $sol ( @$sols ) { | 
| 194 | 15767 |  |  |  |  | 33354 | my $res  = abs( $vals[$k]  - &$sol($pt) ); | 
| 195 | 15767 | 100 |  |  |  | 1967137 | $max_error = $res if ($res > $max_error); | 
| 196 | 15767 |  |  |  |  | 30097 | $k++; | 
| 197 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 198 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 199 | 36 |  |  |  |  | 821 | $max_error; | 
| 200 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 201 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 202 |  |  |  |  |  |  | sub new { | 
| 203 | 41 |  |  | 41 | 0 | 25882 | my $class = shift; | 
| 204 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 90 | my $self = {}; | 
| 205 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 91 | bless $self, $class; | 
| 206 | 41 |  |  |  |  | 147 | $self->_init(@_); | 
| 207 |  |  |  |  |  |  | } | 
| 208 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| 209 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42; | 
| 210 |  |  |  |  |  |  | __END__ |