File Coverage

blib/lib/Lingua/ZH/PinyinConvert/ID.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	103	116	88.7
branch	36	50	72.0
condition	3	9	33.3
subroutine	18	22	81.8
pod	10	10	100.0
total	170	207	82.1

package Lingua::ZH::PinyinConvert::ID;

use 5.010001;
use strict;
use warnings;

our $VERSION = '0.04'; # VERSION

# notes:

# * for 'w' as alternative spelling to 'u'/'o', only those occuring
# after vowel is listed (e.g. taw, but not khwai), except kwa/kwe/kwi
# and hwaX (commonly encountered)

my %hy2id = (
    a      => 'a',
    ai     => 'ai',
    an     => 'an',
    ang    => 'ang',
    ao     => ['au', 'ao', 'aw'],

    ba     => 'pa',
    bai    => 'pai',
    ban    => 'pan',
    bang   => 'pang',
    bao    => ['pau', 'pao', 'paw'],
    bei    => 'pei',
    ben    => 'pen',
    beng   => 'peng',
    bi     => 'pi',
    bian   => 'pien',
    biao   => ['piau', 'piao', 'piaw'],
    bie    => 'pie',
    bin    => 'pin',
    bing   => 'ping',
    bo     => ['po', 'puo'], #pwo
    bu     => 'pu',

    ca     => 'cha',
    cai    => 'chai',
    can    => 'chan',
    cang   => 'chang',
    cao    => ['chau', 'chao', 'chaw'],
    ce     => 'che',
    cen    => 'chen',
    ceng   => 'cheng',
    cha    => 'cha',
    chai   => 'chai',
    chan   => 'chan',
    chang  => 'chang',
    chao   => ['chau', 'chao', 'chaw'],
    che    => 'che',
    chen   => 'chen',
    cheng  => 'cheng',
    chi    => 'che',
    chong  => 'chung',
    chou   => ['chou', 'chow', 'cheu'], # chEw
    chu    => 'chu',
    chuai  => ['chuai'],# 'chwai'],
    chuan  => ['chuan'],# 'chwan'],
    chuang => ['chuang'],# 'chwang'],
    chui   => ['chuei'],# 'chwei'],
    chun   => ['chuen'],# 'chwen'],
    chuo   => ['chuo'],# 'chwo'],
    ci     => 'che',
    cong   => 'chung',
    cou    => ['chou', 'chow', 'chew'], # chEw
    cu     => 'chu',
    cuan   => ['chuan'],# 'chwan'],
    cui    => ['chuei'],# 'chwei'],
    cun    => ['chuen'],# 'chwen'],
    cuo    => ['chuo'],# 'chwo'],

    da     => 'ta',
    dai    => 'tai',
    dan    => 'tan',
    dang   => 'tang',
    dao    => ['tau', 'tao', 'taw'],
    de     => 'te',
    dei    => 'tei',
    deng   => 'teng',
    di     => 'ti',
    dian   => 'tien',
    diao   => ['tiau', 'tiao', 'tiaw'],
    die    => 'tie',
    ding   => 'ting',
    diu    => 'tiu',
    dong   => 'tung',
    dou    => ['tou', 'tow', 'teu', 'tew'],
    du     => 'tu',
    duan   => ['tuan'],# 'twan'],
    dui    => ['tuei'],# 'twei'],
    dun    => ['tuen'],# 'twen'],
    duo    => 'tuo', # two

    e      => 'e',
    en     => 'en',
    er     => ['er', 'el'],

    fa     => 'fa',
    fan    => 'fan',
    fang   => 'fang',
    fei    => 'fei',
    fen    => 'fen',
    feng   => 'feng',
    fo     => ['fo', 'fuo'], # fwo
    fou    => ['fou', 'fow'],
    fu     => 'fu',

    ga     => 'ka',
    gai    => 'kai',
    gan    => 'kan',
    gang   => 'kang',
    gao    => ['kau', 'kao', 'kaw'],
    ge     => 'ke',
    gei    => 'kei',
    gen    => 'ken',
    geng   => 'keng',
    gong   => 'kung',
    gou    => ['kou', 'kow', 'keu'], # kEw
    gu     => 'ku',
    gua    => ['kua', 'kwa'],
    guai   => ['kuai', 'kwai'],
    guan   => ['kuan', 'kwan'],
    guang  => ['kuang', 'kwang'],
    gui    => ['kuei', 'kwei'],
    gun    => ['kuen'],# 'kwen'],
    guo    => ['kuo'],# 'kwo'],

    ha     => 'ha',
    hai    => 'hai',
    han    => 'han',
    hang   => 'hang',
    hao    => ['hau', 'hao', 'haw'],
    he     => 'he',
    hei    => 'hei',
    hen    => 'hen',
    heng   => 'heng',
    hong   => 'hung',
    hou    => ['hou', 'how', 'heu'], # hEw
    hu     => 'hu',
    hua    => ['hua', 'hwa'],
    huai   => ['huai', 'hwai'],
    huan   => ['huan', 'hwan'],
    huang  => ['huang', 'hwang'],
    hui    => ['huei', 'hwei'],
    hun    => ['huen'],# 'hwen'],
    huo    => 'huo', # hwo

    ji     => 'ci',
    jia    => 'cia',
    jian   => 'cien',
    jiang  => 'ciang',
    jiao   => ['ciau', 'ciao', 'ciaw'],
    jie    => 'cie',
    jin    => 'cin',
    jing   => 'cing',
    jiong  => 'ciung',
    jiu    => 'ciu',
    ju     => 'cu', #?
    juan   => 'cien', #?
    jue    => 'cue', #?
    jun    => ['cun', 'cin'], #?

    ka     => 'kha',
    kai    => 'khai',
    kan    => 'khan',
    kang   => 'khang',
    kao    => ['khau', 'khao', 'khaw'],
    ke     => 'khe',
    ken    => 'khen',
    keng   => 'kheng',
    kong   => 'khung',
    kou    => ['khou', 'khow', 'kheu'], # khEw
    ku     => 'khu',
    kua    => ['khua'],# 'khwa'],
    kuai   => ['khuai'],# 'khwai'],
    kuan   => ['khuan'],# 'khwan'],
    kuang  => ['khuang'],# 'khwang'],
    kui    => ['khuei'],# 'khwei'],
    kun    => 'khuen', # khwen
    kuo    => 'khuo', # khwo

    la     => 'la',
    lai    => 'lai',
    lan    => 'lan',
    lang   => 'lang',
    lao    => ['lau', 'lao'],
    le     => 'le',
    lei    => 'lei',
    leng   => 'leng',
    li     => 'li',
    lia    => 'lia',
    lian   => 'lien',
    liang  => 'liang',
    liao   => ['liau', 'liao', 'liaw'],
    lie    => 'lie',
    lin    => 'lin',
    ling   => 'ling',
    liu    => 'liu',
    long   => 'lung',
    lou    => ['lou', 'low', 'leu'],#, 'lEw']
    lu     => 'lu',
    lv     => ['li'], # lu
    luan   => ['luan'], # lwan
    lve    => ['lie'], #'lue'], # lwe
    lun    => ['luen'], # lwen
    luo    => ['luo'], # lwo

    ma     => 'ma',
    mai    => 'mai',
    man    => 'man',
    mang   => 'mang',
    mao    => ['mau', 'mao', 'maw'],
    me     => 'me',
    mei    => 'mei',
    men    => 'men',
    meng   => 'meng',
    mi     => 'mi',
    mian   => 'mien',
    miao   => ['miau', 'miao', 'miaw'],
    mie    => 'mie',
    min    => 'min',
    ming   => 'ming',
    miu    => 'miu',
    mo     => ['mo', 'muo'], # mwo
    mou    => ['mou', 'mow'],
    mu     => 'mu',

    na     => 'na',
    nai    => 'nai',
    nan    => 'nan',
    nang   => 'nang',
    nao    => ['nau', 'nao'],
    ne     => 'ne',
    nei    => 'nei',
    nen    => 'nen',
    neng   => 'neng',
    ni     => 'ni',
    nian   => 'nien',
    niang  => 'niang',
    niao   => ['niau', 'niao'],
    nie    => 'nie',
    nin    => 'nin',
    ning   => 'ning',
    niu    => 'niu',
    nong   => 'nung',
    nou    => ['nou'], # now
    nu     => 'nu',
    nv     => ['ni'], # nu
    nuan   => 'nuan',
    nve    => 'nie', #nue?
    nuo    => 'nuo',

    o      => 'o',
    ou     => ['ou', 'ow'],

    pa     => 'pha',
    pai    => 'phai',
    pan    => 'phan',
    pang   => 'phang',
    pao    => ['phau', 'phao', 'phaw'],
    pei    => 'phei',
    pen    => 'phen',
    peng   => 'pheng',
    pi     => 'phi',
    pian   => 'phien',
    piao   => ['phiau', 'phiao', 'phiaw'],
    pie    => 'phie',
    pin    => 'phin',
    ping   => 'phing',
    po     => ['pho', 'phuo'],
    pou    => ['phou', 'phow'],
    pu     => 'phu',

    qi     => 'chi',
    qia    => 'chia',
    qian   => 'chien',
    qiang  => 'chiang',
    qiao   => ['chiau', 'chiao', 'chiaw'],
    qie    => 'chie',
    qin    => 'chin',
    qing   => 'ching',
    qiong  => 'chiung',
    qiu    => 'chiu',
    qu     => 'chi',
    quan   => 'chuen', #?
    que    => 'chue',
    qun    => 'chuen',

    ran    => ['ran', 'jan'],
    rang   => ['rang', 'jang'],
    rao    => ['rau', 'rao', 'raw', 'jau', 'jao', 'jaw'],
    re     => ['re', 'je'],
    ren    => ['ren', 'jen'],
    reng   => ['reng', 'jeng'],
    ri     => ['re', 'je'],
    rong   => ['rung', 'jung'],
    rou    => ['rou', 'row', 'jou', 'jow', 'reu', 'jeu'], # rEw
    ru     => ['ru', 'ju'],
    ruan   => ['ruan', 'juan'],
    rui    => ['ruei', 'juei'],
    run    => ['ruen', 'juen'],
    ruo    => ['ruo', 'juo'],

    sa     => 'sa',
    sai    => 'sai',
    san    => 'san',
    sang   => 'sang',
    sao    => ['sau', 'sao', 'saw'],
    se     => 'se',
    sen    => 'sen',
    seng   => 'seng',
    sha    => 'sha',
    shai   => 'shai',
    shan   => 'shan',
    shang  => 'shang',
    shao   => ['shau', 'shao', 'shaw'],
    she    => 'she',
    shei   => 'shei',
    shen   => 'shen',
    sheng  => 'sheng',
    shi    => 'she',
    shou   => ['shou', 'sheu'],# 'shEw', 'show'],
    shu    => 'shu',
    shua   => 'shua',
    shuai  => 'shuai',
    shuan  => 'shuan',
    shuang => 'shuang',
    shui   => 'shuei',
    shun   => 'shuen',
    shuo   => 'shuo',
    si     => 'se',
    song   => 'sung',
    sou    => ['sou', 'sow', 'seu', 'sew'],
    su     => 'su',
    suan   => 'suan',
    sui    => 'suei',
    sun    => 'suen',
    suo    => 'suo',

    ta     => 'tha',
    tai    => 'thai',
    tan    => 'than',
    tang   => 'thang',
    tao    => ['thau', 'thao', 'thaw'],
    te     => 'the',
    teng   => 'theng',
    ti     => 'thi',
    tian   => 'thien',
    tiao   => ['thiau', 'thiao', 'thiaw'],
    tie    => 'thie',
    ting   => 'thing',
    tong   => 'thung',
    tou    => ['thou', 'thow', 'theu', 'thew'],
    tu     => 'thu',
    tuan   => 'thuan',
    tui    => 'thuei',
    tun    => 'thuen',
    tuo    => 'thuo',

    wa     => 'wa',
    wai    => 'wai',
    wan    => 'wan',
    wang   => 'wang',
    wei    => 'wei',
    wen    => 'wen',
    weng   => 'weng',
    wo     => 'wo',
    wu     => 'wu',

    xi     => 'si',
    xia    => 'sia',
    xian   => 'sien',
    xiang  => 'siang',
    xiao   => ['siau', 'siao', 'siau'],
    xie    => 'sie',
    xin    => 'sin',
    xing   => 'sing',
    xiong  => 'siung',
    xiu    => 'siu',
    xu     => ['si', 'syu'],
    xuan   => ['suan', 'swan'],
    xue    => ['sie'],# 'sue'],
    xun    => 'suen',

    ya     => 'ya',
    yai    => 'yai',
    yan    => 'yen',
    yang   => 'yang',
    yao    => ['yau', 'yao', 'yaw'],
    ye     => 'ye',
    yi     => ['i', 'yi'],
    yin    => ['in', 'yin'],
    ying   => ['ing', 'ying'],
    yong   => 'yung',
    you    => ['yu', 'you'],# 'yow'],
    yu     => ['yi', 'yu'],
    yuan   => 'yuen',
    yue    => ['yue', 'ye'],
    yun    => ['yun', 'yin'],

    za     => 'ca',
    zai    => 'cai',
    zan    => 'can',
    zang   => 'cang',
    zao    => ['cau', 'cao', 'caw'],
    ze     => 'ce',
    zei    => 'cei',
    zen    => 'cen',
    zeng   => 'ceng',
    zha    => 'ca',
    zhai   => 'cai',
    zhan   => 'can',
    zhang  => 'cang',
    zhao   => ['cau', 'cao', 'caw'],
    zhe    => 'ce',
    zhei   => 'cei',
    zhen   => 'cen',
    zheng  => 'ceng',
    zhi    => 'ce',
    zhong  => 'cung',
    zhou   => ['cou', 'ceu', 'cew'], #cow
    zhu    => 'cu',
    zhua   => 'cua',
    zhuai  => 'cuai',
    zhuan  => 'cuan',
    zhuang => 'cuang',
    zhui   => 'cuei',
    zhun   => 'cuen',
    zhuo   => 'cuo',
    zi     => 'ce',
    zong   => 'cung',
    zou    => ['cou', 'ceu', 'cew'], #cow
    zu     => 'cu',
    zuan   => 'cuan',
    zui    => 'cuei',
    zun    => 'cuen',
    zuo    => 'cuo',
);

my %jy2id = (
    aa     => 'a',
    aai    => 'ai',
    aak    => ['ak', 'ngak'],
    aam    => 'am',
    aan    => ['an', 'ngan'],
    aang   => ['ang', 'ngang'],
    aap    => ['ap', 'ngap'],
    aat    => ['at', 'ngat'],
    aau    => ['au', 'ngau'],
    ai     => ['ai', 'ngai'],
    ak     => ['ak', 'ngak'],
    am     => 'am',
    ang    => ['ang', 'ngang'],
    ap     => 'ap',
    au     => 'au',

    baa    => 'pa',
    baai   => 'pai',
    baak   => 'pak',
    baan   => 'pan',
    baang  => 'pang',
    baat   => 'pat',
    baau   => 'pau',
    bai    => 'pai',
    bak    => 'pak',
    bam    => 'pam',
    ban    => 'pan',
    bang   => 'pang',
    bat    => 'pat',
    bau    => 'pau',
    be     => 'pe',
    bei    => 'pei',
    bek    => 'pek',
    beng   => 'peng',
    bik    => 'pik',
    bin    => 'pin',
    bing   => 'ping',
    bit    => 'pit',
    biu    => 'piu',
    bo     => 'po',
    bok    => 'pok',
    bong   => 'pong',
    bou    => 'pou', # pow
    bui    => 'pui',
    buk    => 'puk',
    bun    => 'pun',
    bung   => 'pung',
    but    => 'put',

    caa    => 'cha',
    caai   => 'chai',
    caak   => 'chak',
    caam   => 'cham',
    caan   => 'chan',
    caang  => 'chang',
    caap   => 'chap',
    caat   => 'chat',
    caau   => 'chau',
    cai    => 'chai',
    cak    => 'chak',
    cam    => 'cham',
    can    => 'chan',
    cang   => 'chang',
    cap    => 'chap',
    cat    => 'chat',
    cau    => 'chau',
    ce     => 'che',
    cek    => 'chek',
    ceng   => 'cheng',
    ceoi   => ['cheui', 'cheoi' ,
               'cheuy', 'cheoy' ],
    ceon   => ['cheun', 'cheon' ],
    ceot   => ['cheut', 'cheot' ],
    ci     => 'chi',
    cik    => 'chik',
    cim    => 'chim',
    cin    => 'chin',
    cing   => 'ching',
    cip    => 'chip',
    cit    => 'chit',
    ciu    => 'chiu',
    co     => 'cho',
    coek   => ['cheuk', 'choek'],
    coeng  => ['cheung', 'choeng'],
    coi    => ['choi', 'choy'],
    cok    => 'chok',
    cong   => 'chong',
    cou    => ['chou', 'chow'],
    cuk    => 'chuk',
    cung   => 'chung',
    cyu    => ['chyu', 'chiu'],
    cyun   => ['chyun', 'chiun'],
    cyut   => ['chyut', 'chiut'],

    daa    => 'ta',
    daai   => 'tai',
    daak   => 'tak',
    daam   => 'tam',
    daan   => 'tan',
    daap   => 'tap',
    daat   => 'tat',
    dai    => 'tai',
    dak    => 'tak',
    dam    => 'tam',
    dan    => 'tan',
    dang   => 'tang',
    dap    => 'tap',
    dat    => 'tat',
    dau    => 'tau',
    de     => 'te',
    dei    => 'tei',
    dek    => 'tek',
    deng   => 'teng',
    deoi   => ['teui', 'teoi',
               'teuy', 'teoy'],
    deon   => ['teun', 'teon'],
    deot   => ['teut', 'teot'],
    deu    => ['teu','tew'],
    dik    => 'tik',
    dim    => 'tim',
    din    => 'tin',
    ding   => 'ting',
    dip    => 'tip',
    dit    => 'tit',
    diu    => 'tiu',
    do     => 'to',
    doe    => ['teu','toe'],
    doek   => ['teuk', 'toek'],
    doi    => ['toi', 'toy'],
    dok    => 'tok',
    dong   => 'tong',
    dou    => ['tou', 'tow'],
    duk    => 'tuk',
    dung   => 'tung',
    dyun   => ['tyun', 'tiun'],
    dyut   => ['tyut', 'tiut'],

    e      => 'e',
    ei     => 'ei',

    faa    => 'fa',
    faai   => 'fai',
    faak   => 'fak',
    faan   => 'fan',
    faat   => 'fat',
    fai    => 'fai',
    fan    => 'fan',
    fang   => 'fang',
    fat    => 'fat',
    fau    => 'fau',
    fe     => 'fe',
    fei    => 'fei',
    fo     => 'fo',
    fok    => 'fok',
    fong   => 'fong',
    fu     => 'fu',
    fui    => 'fui',
    fuk    => 'fuk',
    fun    => 'fun',
    fung   => 'fung',
    fut    => 'fut',

    # i think g is also a common indo transliteration for
    # non-mandarin, for instance in names, e.g. kwik kian gee. but
    # i'll default to k.
    gaa    => ['ka', 'ga'],
    gaai   => ['kai', 'gai'],
    gaak   => ['kak', 'gak'],
    gaam   => ['kam', 'gam'],
    gaan   => ['kan', 'gan'],
    gaang  => ['kang', 'gang'],
    gaap   => ['kap', 'gap'],
    gaat   => ['kat', 'gat'],
    gaau   => ['kau', 'gau'],
    gai    => ['kai', 'gai'],
    gam    => ['kam','gam'],
    gan    => ['kan','gan'],
    gang   => ['kang','gang'],
    gap    => ['kap','gap'],
    gat    => ['kat','gat'],
    gau    => ['kau','gau'],
    ge     => ['ke','ge'],
    gei    => ['kei','gei'],
    geng   => ['keng','geng'],
    geoi   => ['keui', 'geui', 'keoi', 'geoi',
               'keuy', 'geuy', 'keoy', 'geoy'],
    gep    => ['kep','gep'],
    gik    => ['kik','gik'],
    gim    => ['kim','gim'],
    gin    => ['kin','gin'],
    ging   => ['king','ging'],
    gip    => ['kip','gip'],
    git    => ['kit','git'],
    giu    => ['kiu','giu'],
    go     => ['ko','go'],
    goe    => ['keu','geu','koe','goe'],
    goek   => ['keuk','geuk','koek','goek'],
    goeng  => ['keung','geung','koeng','goeng'],
    goi    => ['koi','goi',
               'koy','goy'],
    gok    => ['kok','gok'],
    gon    => ['kon','gon'],
    gong   => ['kong','gong'],
    got    => ['kot','got'],
    gou    => ['kou', 'kow', 'gou', 'gow'],
    gu     => ['ku','gu'],
    gui    => ['kui','gui'],
    guk    => ['kuk','guk'],
    gun    => ['kun','gun'],
    gung   => ['kung','gung'],
    gwaa   => ['kwa','gwa', 'kua','gua'],
    gwaai  => ['kwai','gwai','kuai','guai'],
    gwaak  => ['kwak','gwak'],
    gwaan  => ['kwan','gwan'],
    gwaang => ['kwang','gwang'],
    gwaat  => ['kwat','gwat'],
    gwai   => ['kwai','gwai'],
    gwan   => ['kwan','gwan'],
    gwang  => ['kwang','gwang'],
    gwat   => ['kwat','gwat'],
    gwik   => ['kwik','gwik'],
    gwing  => ['kwing','gwing'],
    gwo    => ['kwo','gwo'],
    gwok   => ['kwok','gwok'],
    gwong  => ['kwong','gwong'],
    gyun   => ['kyun','gyun','kiun','giun'],
    gyut   => ['kyut','gyut','kiut','kyut'],

    haa    => 'ha',
    haai   => 'hai',
    haak   => 'hak',
    haam   => 'ham',
    haan   => 'han',
    haang  => 'hang',
    haap   => 'hap',
    haau   => 'hau',
    hai    => 'hai',
    hak    => 'hak',
    ham    => 'ham',
    han    => 'han',
    hang   => 'hang',
    hap    => 'hap',
    hat    => 'hat',
    hau    => 'hau',
    hei    => 'hei',
    hek    => 'hek',
    heng   => 'heng',
    heoi   => ['heoi',
               'heoy'],
    hik    => 'hik',
    him    => 'him',
    hin    => 'hin',
    hing   => 'hing',
    hip    => 'hip',
    hit    => 'hit',
    hiu    => 'hiu',
    hm     => 'hm',
    hng    => 'hng',
    ho     => 'ho',
    hoe    => ['heu','hoe'],
    hoeng  => ['heung','hoeng'],
    hoi    => ['hoi','hoy'],
    hok    => 'hok',
    hon    => 'hon',
    hong   => 'hong',
    hot    => 'hot',
    hou    => ['hou','how'],
    huk    => 'huk',
    hung   => 'hung',
    hyun   => ['hiun','hyun'],
    hyut   => ['hyut','hiut'],

    jaa    => 'ya',
    jaai   => 'yai',
    jaak   => 'yak',
    jai    => 'yai',
    jam    => 'yam',
    jan    => 'yan',
    jap    => 'yap',
    jat    => 'yat',
    jau    => 'yau',
    je     => 'ye',
    jeng   => 'yeng',
    jeoi   => ['yeui','yeoi',
               'yeuy','yeoy'],
    jeon   => ['yeun','yeon'],
    ji     => 'yi',
    jik    => 'yik',
    jim    => 'yim',
    jin    => 'yin',
    jing   => 'ying',
    jip    => 'yip',
    jit    => 'yit',
    jiu    => 'yiu',
    jo     => 'yo',
    joek   => ['yeuk','yoek'],
    joeng  => ['yeung','yoeng'],
    juk    => 'yuk',
    jung   => 'yung',
    jyu    => ['yiu', 'yu'],
    jyun   => ['yiun', 'yun'],
    jyut   => ['yiut', 'yut'],

    kaa    => 'kha',
    kaai   => 'khai',
    kaak   => 'khak',
    kaat   => 'khat',
    kaau   => 'khau',
    kai    => 'khai',
    kam    => 'kham',
    kan    => 'khan',
    kang   => 'khang',
    kap    => 'khap',
    kat    => 'khat',
    kau    => 'khau',
    ke     => 'khe',
    kei    => 'khei',
    kek    => 'khek',
    keoi   => ['kheui', 'kheoi',
               'kheuy', 'kheoy'],
    kik    => 'khik',
    kim    => 'khim',
    kin    => 'khin',
    king   => 'khing',
    kit    => 'khit',
    kiu    => 'khiu',
    ko     => 'kho',
    koe    => ['kheu','khoe'],
    koek   => ['kheuk','khoek'],
    koeng  => ['kheung','khoeng'],
    koi    => ['khoi','khoy'],
    kok    => 'khok',
    kong   => 'khong',
    ku     => 'khu',
    kui    => 'khui',
    kuk    => 'khuk',
    kung   => 'khung',
    kut    => 'khut',
    kwaa   => 'khwa',
    kwaai  => 'khwai',
    kwaang => 'khwang',
    kwai   => 'khwai',
    kwan   => 'khwan',
    kwik   => 'khwik',
    kwok   => 'khwok',
    kwong  => 'khwong',
    kyun   => ['khiun','khyun'],
    kyut   => ['khiut','khyut'],

    laa    => 'la',
    laai   => 'lai',
    laak   => 'lak',
    laam   => 'lam',
    laan   => 'lan',
    laang  => 'lang',
    laap   => 'lap',
    laat   => 'lat',
    laau   => 'lau',
    lai    => 'lai',
    lak    => 'lak',
    lam    => 'lam',
    lang   => 'lang',
    lap    => 'lap',
    lat    => 'lat',
    lau    => 'lau',
    le     => 'le',
    lei    => 'lei',
    lek    => 'lek',
    lem    => 'lem',
    leng   => 'leng',
    leoi   => ['leui','leoi',
               'leuy','leoy'],
    leon   => ['leun','leon'],
    leot   => ['leut','leot'],
    li     => 'li',
    lik    => 'lik',
    lim    => 'lim',
    lin    => 'lin',
    ling   => 'ling',
    lip    => 'lip',
    lit    => 'lit',
    liu    => 'liu',
    lo     => 'lo',
    loek   => ['leuk','loek'],
    loeng  => ['leung','loeng'],
    loi    => ['loi','loy'],
    lok    => 'lok',
    long   => 'long',
    lou    => ['lou','low'],
    luk    => 'luk',
    lung   => 'lung',
    lyun   => ['liun','lyun'],
    lyut   => ['liut','lyut'],

    m      => 'm',
    maa    => 'ma',
    maai   => 'mai',
    maak   => 'mak',
    maan   => 'man',
    maang  => 'mang',
    maat   => 'mat',
    maau   => 'mau',
    mai    => 'mai',
    mak    => 'mak',
    man    => 'man',
    mang   => 'mang',
    mat    => 'mat',
    mau    => 'mau',
    me     => 'me',
    mei    => 'mei',
    meng   => 'meng',
    mi     => 'mi',
    mik    => 'mik',
    min    => 'min',
    ming   => 'ming',
    mit    => 'mit',
    miu    => 'miu',
    mo     => 'mo',
    mok    => 'mok',
    mong   => 'mong',
    mou    => ['mou','mow'],
    mui    => 'mui',
    muk    => 'muk',
    mun    => 'mun',
    mung   => 'mung',
    mut    => 'mut',

    naa    => 'na',
    naai   => 'nai',
    naam   => 'nam',
    naan   => 'nan',
    naap   => 'nap',
    naat   => 'nat',
    naau   => 'nau',
    nai    => 'nai',
    nam    => 'nam',
    nan    => 'nan',
    nang   => 'nang',
    nap    => 'nap',
    nat    => 'nat',
    nau    => 'nau',
    ne     => 'ne',
    nei    => 'nei',
    neoi   => ['neui','neoi',
               'neuy','neoy'],
    neot   => ['neut','neot'],
    ng     => 'ng',

    ngaa   => 'nga',
    ngaai  => 'ngai',
    ngaak  => 'ngak',
    ngaam  => 'ngam',
    ngaan  => 'ngan',
    ngaang => 'ngang',
    ngaap  => 'ngap',
    ngaat  => 'ngat',
    ngaau  => 'ngau',
    ngai   => 'ngai',
    ngak   => 'ngak',
    ngam   => 'ngam',
    ngan   => 'ngan',
    ngang  => 'ngang',
    ngap   => 'ngap',
    ngat   => 'ngat',
    ngau   => 'ngau',
    ngit   => 'ngit',
    ngo    => 'ngo',
    ngoi   => ['ngoi','ngoy'],
    ngok   => 'ngok',
    ngon   => 'ngon',
    ngong  => 'ngong',
    ngou   => ['ngou','ngow'],
    nguk   => 'nguk',
    ngung  => 'ngung',

    ni     => 'ni',
    nik    => 'nik',
    nim    => 'nim',
    nin    => 'nin',
    ning   => 'ning',
    nip    => 'nip',
    niu    => 'niu',
    no     => 'no',
    noeng  => ['neung','noeng'],
    noi    => ['noi','noy'],
    nok    => 'nok',
    nong   => 'nong',
    nou    => ['nou','now'],
    nuk    => 'nuk',
    nung   => 'nung',
    nyun   => ['niun','nyun'],

    o      => 'o',
    oi     => ['oi','oy'],
    ok     => 'ok',
    on     => 'on',
    ong    => 'ong',
    ou     => ['ou','ow'],

    paa    => 'pha',
    paai   => 'phai',
    paak   => 'phak',
    paan   => 'phan',
    paang  => 'phang',
    paau   => 'phau',
    pai    => 'phai',
    pan    => 'phan',
    pang   => 'phang',
    pat    => 'phat',
    pau    => 'phau',
    pei    => 'phei',
    pek    => 'phek',
    peng   => 'pheng',
    pik    => 'phik',
    pin    => 'phin',
    ping   => 'phing',
    pit    => 'phit',
    piu    => 'phiu',
    po     => 'pho',
    poi    => 'phoi',
    pok    => 'phok',
    pong   => 'phong',
    pou    => ['phou','phow'],
    pui    => 'phui',
    puk    => 'phuk',
    pun    => 'phun',
    pung   => 'phung',
    put    => 'phut',

    saa    => 'sa',
    saai   => 'sai',
    saak   => 'sak',
    saam   => 'sam',
    saan   => 'san',
    saang  => 'sang',
    saap   => 'sap',
    saat   => 'sat',
    saau   => 'sau',
    sai    => 'sai',
    sak    => 'sak',
    sam    => 'sam',
    san    => 'san',
    sang   => 'sang',
    sap    => 'sap',
    sat    => 'sat',
    sau    => 'sau',
    se     => 'se',
    sei    => 'sei',
    sek    => 'sek',
    seng   => 'seng',
    seoi   => ['seui','seoi',
               'seuy','seoy'],
    seon   => ['seun','seon'],
    seot   => ['seut','seot'],
    si     => 'si',
    sik    => 'sik',
    sim    => 'sim',
    sin    => 'sin',
    sing   => 'sing',
    sip    => 'sip',
    sit    => 'sit',
    siu    => 'siu',
    so     => 'so',
    soek   => ['seuk','soek'],
    soeng  => ['seung','soeng'],
    soi    => ['soi','soy'],
    sok    => 'sok',
    song   => 'song',
    sou    => ['sou','sow'],
    suk    => 'suk',
    sung   => 'sung',
    syu    => ['siu','syu'],
    syun   => ['siun','syun'],
    syut   => ['siut','syut'],

    taa    => 'tha',
    taai   => 'thai',
    taam   => 'tham',
    taan   => 'than',
    taap   => 'thap',
    taat   => 'that',
    tai    => 'thai',
    tam    => 'tham',
    tan    => 'than',
    tang   => 'thang',
    tau    => 'thau',
    tek    => 'thek',
    teng   => 'theng',
    teoi   => ['theui','theoi',
               'theuy','theoy'],
    teon   => ['theun','theon'],
    tik    => 'thik',
    tim    => 'thim',
    tin    => 'thin',
    ting   => 'thing',
    tip    => 'thip',
    tit    => 'thit',
    tiu    => 'thiu',
    to     => 'tho',
    toe    => ['theu','thoe'],
    toi    => ['thoi','thoy'],
    tok    => 'thok',
    tong   => 'thong',
    tou    => ['thou', 'thow'],
    tuk    => 'thuk',
    tung   => 'thung',
    tyun   => ['thiun','thyun'],
    tyut   => ['thiut','thyut'],

    uk     => 'uk',
    ung    => 'ung',

    waa    => 'wa',
    waai   => 'wai',
    waak   => 'wak',
    waan   => 'wan',
    waang  => 'wang',
    waat   => 'wat',
    wai    => 'wai',
    wan    => 'wan',
    wang   => 'wang',
    wat    => 'wat',
    wik    => 'wik',
    wing   => 'wing',
    wo     => 'wo',
    wok    => 'wok',
    wong   => 'wong',
    wu     => 'wu',
    wui    => 'wui',
    wun    => 'wun',
    wut    => 'wut',

    zaa    => 'ca',
    zaai   => 'cai',
    zaak   => 'cak',
    zaam   => 'cam',
    zaan   => 'can',
    zaang  => 'cang',
    zaap   => 'cap',
    zaat   => 'cat',
    zaau   => 'cau',
    zai    => 'cai',
    zak    => 'cak',
    zam    => 'cam',
    zan    => 'can',
    zang   => 'cang',
    zap    => 'cap',
    zat    => 'cat',
    zau    => 'cau',
    ze     => 'ce',
    zek    => 'cek',
    zeng   => 'ceng',
    zeoi   => ['ceui','ceoi',
               'ceuy','ceoy'],
    zeon   => ['ceun','ceon'],
    zeot   => ['ceut','ceot'],
    zi     => 'ci',
    zik    => 'cik',
    zim    => 'cim',
    zin    => 'cin',
    zing   => 'cing',
    zip    => 'cip',
    zit    => 'cit',
    ziu    => 'ciu',
    zo     => 'co',
    zoek   => ['ceuk','coek'],
    zoeng  => ['ceung','coeng'],
    zoi    => ['coi','coy'],
    zok    => 'cok',
    zong   => 'cong',
    zou    => ['cou','cow'],
    zuk    => 'cuk',
    zung   => 'cung',
    zyu    => ['ciu','cyu'],
    zyun   => ['ciun','cyun'],
    zyut   => ['ciut','cyut'],
);

my %id2hy;
my %id2jy;
for (keys %hy2id) {
    my $l = ref($hy2id{$_}) eq 'ARRAY' ? $hy2id{$_} : [$hy2id{$_}];
    for my $id (@$l) {
        if (exists $id2hy{$id}) {
            $id2hy{$id} = [$id2hy{$id}] unless ref($id2hy{$id}) eq 'ARRAY';
            push @{ $id2hy{$id} }, $_;
        } else {
            $id2hy{$id} = $_;
        }
    }
}
#use Data::Dumper; print Dumper \%id2hy;
for (keys %jy2id) {
    my $l = ref($jy2id{$_}) eq 'ARRAY' ? $jy2id{$_} : [$jy2id{$_}];
    for my $id (@$l) {
        if (exists $id2jy{$id}) {
            $id2jy{$id} = [$id2jy{$id}] unless ref($id2jy{$id}) eq 'ARRAY';
            push @{ $id2jy{$id} }, $_;
        } else {
            $id2jy{$id} = $_;
        }
    }
}
#use Data::Dumper; print Dumper \%id2jy;

my $hy_re = join("|", sort { length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %hy2id); $hy_re = qr/(?:$hy_re)/;
my $jy_re = join("|", sort { length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %jy2id); $jy_re = qr/(?:$jy_re)/;
my $idmand_re = join("|", sort { length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %id2hy); $idmand_re = qr/(?:$idmand_re)/;
my $idcant_re = join("|", sort { length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %id2jy); $idcant_re = qr/(?:$idcant_re)/;
my %all = (%hy2id, %jy2id, %id2hy, %id2jy);
my $all_re = join("|", sort { length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %all); $all_re = qr/(?:$all_re)/;

sub new {
    my ($class, %opts) = @_;
    bless {}, $class;
}

sub hanyu2id {
    my ($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
    if (!defined($opts)) { $opts = {} }
    my $sub1 = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $t =~ s/($hy_re)([12345]?)/
            (ref($hy2id{$1}) ? $hy2id{$1}[0] : $hy2id{$1}) .
                ($opts->{remove_tones} ? "" : $2)/eg;
        $t;
    };
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$hy_re[12345]?)+)\b/$sub1->($1)/eg;
    $text;
}

sub jyutping2id {
    my ($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
    if (!defined($opts)) { $opts = {} }
    my $sub1 = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $t =~ s/($jy_re)([123456]?)/
            (ref($jy2id{$1}) ? $jy2id{$1}[0] : $jy2id{$1}) .
                (!$opts->{remove_tones} && $2 ? $2 : "")/eg;
        $t;
    };
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$jy_re[123456]?)+)\b/$sub1->($1)/eg;
    $text;
}

sub id2hanyu {
    my ($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
    if (!defined($opts)) { $opts = {} }
    my $sub2 = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        if ($opts->{list_all}) {
            $t =~ s/($idmand_re)([12345]?)/
                (ref($id2hy{$1}) ? "(".join("|", sort(@{ $id2hy{$1} })).")" : $id2hy{$1}) .
                    (!$opts->{remove_tones} && $2 ? $2 : "")/eg;
        } else {
            $t =~ s/($idmand_re)([12345]?)/
                (ref($id2hy{$1}) ? die("ambiguous") : $id2hy{$1}) .
                    (!$opts->{remove_tones} && $2 ? $2 : "")/eg;
        }
        $t;
    };
    eval {
        $text =~ s/\b((?:$idmand_re[12345]?)+)\b/$sub2->($1)/eg;
    };
    $@ ? undef : $text;
}

sub id2jyutping {
    my ($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
    if (!defined($opts)) { $opts = {} }
    my $sub2 = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        if ($opts->{list_all}) {
            $t =~ s/($idcant_re)([123456]?)/
                (ref($id2jy{$1}) ? "(".join("|", sort(@{ $id2jy{$1} })).")" : $id2jy{$1}) .
                    ($opts->{remove_tones} ? "" : $2)/eg;
        } else {
            $t =~ s/($idcant_re)([123456]?)/
                (ref($id2jy{$1}) ? die("ambiguous") : $id2jy{$1}) .
                    ($opts->{remove_tones} ? "" : $2)/eg;
        }
        $t;
    };
    eval {
        $text =~ s/\b((?:$idcant_re[123456]?)+)\b/$sub2->($1)/eg;
    };
    $@ ? undef : $text;
}

sub detect {
    my ($self, $text) = @_;
    my $n_hy = 0;
    my $n_jy = 0;
    my $n_idmand = 0;
    my $n_idcant = 0;
    my $n_all = 0;

    my $sub_all = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $n_all++    while $t =~ /\b$all_re[123456]?\b/g;
        $t;
    };
    my $sub_hy = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $n_hy++     while $t =~ /\b$hy_re[12345]?\b/g;
        $t;
    };
    my $sub_jy = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $n_jy++     while $t =~ /\b$jy_re[123456]?\b/g;
        #print "[jy:$1]" while $t =~ /\b($jy_re[123456]?)\b/g;
        $t;
    };
    my $sub_idmand = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $n_idmand++ while $t =~ /\b$idmand_re[12345]?\b/g;
        #print "[idmand:$1]" while $t =~ /\b($idmand_re[12345]?)\b/g;
        $t;
    };
    my $sub_idcant = sub {
        my $t = shift;
        $n_idcant++ while $t =~ /\b$idcant_re[123456]?\b/g;
        $t;
    };

    my @res;
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$all_re[123456]?){1})\b/$sub_all->($1)/eg;
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$hy_re[12345]?){1})\b/$sub_hy->($1)/eg;
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$jy_re[123456]?){1})\b/$sub_jy->($1)/eg;
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$idmand_re[12345]?){1})\b/$sub_idmand->($1)/eg;
    $text =~ s/\b((?:$idcant_re[123456]?){1})\b/$sub_idcant->($1)/eg;

    #print "DEBUG: all=$n_all, hy=$n_hy, jy=$n_jy, idmand=$n_idmand, idcant=$n_idcant\n";

    return @res unless $n_all;
    push @res, "hanyu"        if $n_hy/$n_all     >= 0.9;
    push @res, "jyutping"     if $n_jy/$n_all     >= 0.9;
    push @res, "id-mandarin"  if $n_idmand/$n_all >= 0.9;
    push @res, "id-cantonese" if $n_idcant/$n_all >= 0.9;
    @res;
}

sub list_hanyu {
    my ($self) = @_;
    sort keys %hy2id;
}

sub list_jyutping {
    my ($self) = @_;
    sort keys %jy2id;
}

sub list_id_mandarin {
    my ($self) = @_;
    sort keys %id2hy;
}

sub list_id_cantonese {
    my ($self) = @_;
    sort keys %id2jy;
}

1;
# ABSTRACT: Convert between various Chinese pinyin system and Indonesian transliteration

__END__