File Coverage

lib/Kafka/IO.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	261	332	78.6
branch	80	170	47.0
condition	47	128	36.7
subroutine	34	37	91.8
pod	4	4	100.0
total	426	671	63.4

package Kafka::IO;

=head1 NAME

Kafka::IO - Interface to network communication with the Apache Kafka server.

=head1 VERSION

This documentation refers to C version 1.07 .

=cut



use 5.010;
use strict;
use warnings;



our $DEBUG = 0;

our $VERSION = '1.07';



use Carp;
use Config;
use Const::Fast;
use Data::Validate::Domain qw(
    is_hostname
);
use Data::Validate::IP qw(
    is_ipv4
    is_ipv6
);
use Errno qw(
    EAGAIN
    ECONNRESET
    EINTR
    EWOULDBLOCK
    ETIMEDOUT
);
use Fcntl;
use IO::Select;
use Params::Util qw(
    _STRING
);
use POSIX qw(
    ceil
);
use Scalar::Util qw(
    dualvar
);
use Socket qw(
    AF_INET
    AF_INET6
    IPPROTO_TCP
    MSG_DONTWAIT
    MSG_PEEK
    NI_NUMERICHOST
    NIx_NOSERV
    PF_INET
    PF_INET6
    SOCK_STREAM
    SOL_SOCKET
    SO_ERROR
    SO_RCVTIMEO
    SO_SNDTIMEO
    getaddrinfo
    getnameinfo
    inet_aton
    inet_pton
    inet_ntop
    pack_sockaddr_in
    pack_sockaddr_in6
);
use Sys::SigAction qw(
    set_sig_handler
);
use Time::HiRes ();
use Try::Tiny;

use Kafka qw(
    $ERROR_CANNOT_BIND
    $ERROR_CANNOT_RECV
    $ERROR_CANNOT_SEND
    $ERROR_MISMATCH_ARGUMENT
    $ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_HOST_IP_VERSION
    $ERROR_NO_CONNECTION
    $IP_V4
    $IP_V6
    $KAFKA_SERVER_PORT
    $REQUEST_TIMEOUT
);
use Kafka::Exceptions;
use Kafka::Internals qw(
    $MAX_SOCKET_REQUEST_BYTES
    debug_level
    format_message
);



=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use 5.010;
    use strict;
    use warnings;

    use Scalar::Util qw(
        blessed
    );
    use Try::Tiny;

    use Kafka::IO;

    my $io;
    try {
        $io = Kafka::IO->new( host => 'localhost' );
    } catch {
        my $error = $_;
        if ( blessed( $error ) && $error->isa( 'Kafka::Exception' ) ) {
            warn 'Error: (', $error->code, ') ',  $error->message, "\n";
            exit;
        } else {
            die $error;
        }
    };

    # Closes and cleans up
    $io->close;
    undef $io;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module is private and should not be used directly.

In order to achieve better performance, methods of this module do not
perform arguments validation.

The main features of the C class are:

=over 3

=item *

Provides an object oriented API for communication with Kafka.

=item *

This class allows you to create Kafka 0.9+ clients.

=back

=cut

# Hard limit of IO operation retry attempts, to prevent high CPU usage in IO retry loop
const my $MAX_RETRIES => 30;

our $_hdr;

#-- constructor ----------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 CONSTRUCTOR

=head3 C

Establishes TCP connection to given host and port, creates and returns C IO object.

C takes arguments in key-value pairs. The following arguments are currently recognized:

=over 3

=item C $host>

C<$host> is Kafka host to connect to. It can be a host name or an IP-address in
IPv4 or IPv6 form (for example '127.0.0.1', '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1' or '::1').

=item C $port>

Optional, default = C<$KAFKA_SERVER_PORT>.

C<$port> is integer attribute denoting the port number of to access Apache Kafka.

C<$KAFKA_SERVER_PORT> is the default Apache Kafka server port that can be imported
from the L module.

=item C $timeout>

C<$REQUEST_TIMEOUT> is the default timeout that can be imported from the L module.

Special behavior when C is set to C:

=back

=over 3

=item *

Alarms are not used internally (namely when performing C).

=item *

Default C<$REQUEST_TIMEOUT> is used for the rest of IO operations.

=back

=over 3

=item C $ip_version>

Force version of IP protocol for resolving host name (or interpretation of passed address).

Optional, undefined by default, which works in the following way: version of IP address
is detected automatically, host name is resolved into IPv4 address.

See description of L<$IP_V4|Kafka::IO/$IP_V4>, L<$IP_V6|Kafka::IO/$IP_V6>
in C L.

=back

=cut
sub new {
    my ( $class, %p ) = @_;

    my $self = bless {
        host        => '',
        timeout     => $REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
        port        => $KAFKA_SERVER_PORT,
        ip_version  => undef,
        af          => '',  # Address family constant
        pf          => '',  # Protocol family constant
        ip          => '',  # Human-readable textual representation of the ip address
    }, $class;

    exists $p{$_} and $self->{$_} = $p{$_} foreach keys %$self;

    # we trust it: make it untainted
    ( $self->{host} ) = $self->{host} =~ /\A(.+)\z/;
    ( $self->{port} ) = $self->{port} =~ /\A(.+)\z/;

    $self->{socket}     = undef;
    $self->{_io_select} = undef;
    my $error;
    try {
        $self->_connect();
    } catch {
        $error = $_;
    };

    $self->_error( $ERROR_CANNOT_BIND, format_message("Kafka::IO(%s:%s)->new: %s", $self->{host}, $self->{port}, $error ) )
        if defined $error
    ;
    return $self;
}

#-- public attributes ----------------------------------------------------------

=head2 METHODS

The following methods are provided by C class:

=cut

=head3 C<< send( $message <, $timeout> ) >>

Sends a C<$message> to Kafka.

The argument must be a bytes string.

Use optional C<$timeout> argument to override default timeout for this request only.

Returns the number of characters sent.

=cut
sub send {
    my ( $self, $message, $timeout ) = @_;
    $self->_error( $ERROR_MISMATCH_ARGUMENT, '->send' )
        unless defined( _STRING( $message ) )
    ;
    my $length = length( $message );
    $self->_error( $ERROR_MISMATCH_ARGUMENT, '->send' )
        unless $length <= $MAX_SOCKET_REQUEST_BYTES
    ;
    $timeout = $self->{timeout} // $REQUEST_TIMEOUT unless defined $timeout;
    $self->_error( $ERROR_MISMATCH_ARGUMENT, '->receive' )
        unless $timeout > 0
    ;
    my $select = $self->{_io_select};
    $self->_error( $ERROR_NO_CONNECTION, 'Attempt to work with a closed socket' ) unless $select;

    $self->_debug_msg( $message, 'Request to', 'green' )
        if $self->debug_level >= 2
    ;
    my $sent = 0;

    my $started = Time::HiRes::time();
    my $until = $started + $timeout;

    my $error_code;
    my $errno;
    my $retries = 0;
    my $interrupts = 0;
    ATTEMPT: while ( $sent < $length && $retries++ < $MAX_RETRIES ) {
        my $remaining_time = $until - Time::HiRes::time();
        last ATTEMPT if $remaining_time <= 0; # timeout expired

        undef $!;
        my $can_write = $select->can_write( $remaining_time );
        $errno = $!;
        if ( $errno ) {
            if ( $errno == EINTR ) {
                undef $errno;
                --$retries; # this attempt does not count
                ++$interrupts;
                next ATTEMPT;
            }

            $self->close;

            last ATTEMPT;
        }

        if ( $can_write ) {
            # check for EOF on the first attempt only
            if ( $retries == 1 && $self->_is_close_wait ) {
                $self->close;
                $error_code = $ERROR_NO_CONNECTION;
                last ATTEMPT;
            }

            undef $!;
            my $wrote = CORE::send( $self->{socket}, $message, MSG_DONTWAIT );
            $errno = $!;

            if( defined $wrote && $wrote > 0 ) {
                $sent += $wrote;
                if ( $sent < $length ) {
                    # remove written data from message
                    $message = substr( $message, $wrote );
                }
            }

            if( $errno ) {
                if( $errno == EINTR ) {
                    undef $errno;
                    --$retries; # this attempt does not count
                    ++$interrupts;
                    next ATTEMPT;
                } elsif (
                           $errno != EAGAIN
                        && $errno != EWOULDBLOCK
                        ## on freebsd, if we got ECONNRESET, it's a timeout from the other side
                        && !( $errno == ECONNRESET && $^O eq 'freebsd' )
                    ) {
                    $self->close;
                    last ATTEMPT;
                }
            }

            last ATTEMPT unless defined $wrote;
        }
    }

    unless( !$errno && defined( $sent ) && $sent == $length )
    {
        $self->_error(
            $error_code // $ERROR_CANNOT_SEND,
            format_message( "Kafka::IO(%s)->send: ERRNO=%s ERROR='%s' (length=%s, sent=%s, timeout=%s, retries=%s, interrupts=%s, secs=%.6f)",
                $self->{host},
                ( $errno // 0 ) + 0,
                ( $errno // '' ) . '',
                $length,
                $sent,
                $timeout,
                $retries,
                $interrupts,
                Time::HiRes::time() - $started,
            )
        );
    }

    return $sent;
}

=head3 C<< receive( $length <, $timeout> ) >>

Receives a message up to C<$length> size from Kafka.

C<$length> argument must be a positive number.

Use optional C<$timeout> argument to override default timeout for this call only.

Returns a reference to the received message.

=cut
sub receive {
    my ( $self, $length, $timeout ) = @_;
    $self->_error( $ERROR_MISMATCH_ARGUMENT, '->receive' )
        unless $length > 0
    ;
    $timeout = $self->{timeout} // $REQUEST_TIMEOUT unless defined $timeout;
    $self->_error( $ERROR_MISMATCH_ARGUMENT, '->receive' )
        unless $timeout > 0
    ;
    my $select = $self->{_io_select};
    $self->_error( $ERROR_NO_CONNECTION, 'Attempt to work with a closed socket' ) unless $select;

    my $message = '';
    my $len_to_read = $length;

    my $started = Time::HiRes::time();
    my $until = $started + $timeout;

    my $error_code;
    my $errno;
    my $retries = 0;
    my $interrupts = 0;
    ATTEMPT: while ( $len_to_read > 0 && $retries++ < $MAX_RETRIES ) {
        my $remaining_time = $until - Time::HiRes::time();
        last if $remaining_time <= 0; # timeout expired

        undef $!;
        my $can_read = $select->can_read( $remaining_time );
        $errno = $!;
        if ( $errno ) {
            if ( $errno == EINTR ) {
                undef $errno;
                --$retries; # this attempt does not count
                ++$interrupts;
                next ATTEMPT;
            }

            $self->close;

            last ATTEMPT;
        }

        if ( $can_read ) {
            my $buf = '';
            undef $!;
            my $from_recv = CORE::recv( $self->{socket}, $buf, $len_to_read, MSG_DONTWAIT );
            $errno = $!;

            if ( defined( $from_recv ) && length( $buf ) ) {
                $message .= $buf;
                $len_to_read = $length - length( $message );
                --$retries; # this attempt was successful, don't count as a retry
            }
            if ( $errno ) {
                if ( $errno == EINTR ) {
                    undef $errno;
                    --$retries; # this attempt does not count
                    ++$interrupts;
                    next ATTEMPT;
                } elsif (
                           $errno != EAGAIN
                        && $errno != EWOULDBLOCK
                        ## on freebsd, if we got ECONNRESET, it's a timeout from the other side
                        && !( $errno == ECONNRESET && $^O eq 'freebsd' )
                    ) {
                    $self->close;
                    last ATTEMPT;
                }
            }

            if ( length( $buf ) == 0 ) {
                if( defined( $from_recv ) && ! $errno ) {
                    # no error and nothing received with select returning "can read" means EOF: other side closed socket
                    $self->_debug_msg( 'EOF on receive attempt, closing socket' )
                        if $self->debug_level;
                    $self->close;

                    if( length( $message ) == 0 ) {
                        # we did not receive anything yet, so we may (in some cases) reconnect and try again
                        $error_code = $ERROR_NO_CONNECTION;
                    }

                    last ATTEMPT;
                }
                # we did not read anything on this attempt: wait a bit before the next one; should not happen, but just in case...
                if ( my $remaining_attempts = $MAX_RETRIES - $retries ) {
                    $remaining_time = $until - Time::HiRes::time();
                    my $micro_seconds = int( $remaining_time * 1e6 / $remaining_attempts );
                    if ( $micro_seconds > 0 ) {
                        $micro_seconds = 250_000 if $micro_seconds > 250_000; # prevent long sleeps if total remaining time is big
                        $self->_debug_msg( format_message( 'sleeping (remaining attempts %d, time %.6f): %d microseconds', $remaining_attempts, $remaining_time, $micro_seconds ) )
                            if $self->debug_level;
                        Time::HiRes::usleep( $micro_seconds );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    unless( !$errno && length( $message ) >= $length )
    {
        $self->_error(
            $error_code // $ERROR_CANNOT_RECV,
            format_message( "Kafka::IO(%s)->receive: ERRNO=%s ERROR='%s' (length=%s, received=%s, timeout=%s, retries=%s, interrupts=%s, secs=%.6f)",
                $self->{host},
                ( $errno // 0 ) + 0,
                ( $errno // '' ) . '',
                $length,
                length( $message ),
                $timeout,
                $retries,
                $interrupts,
                Time::HiRes::time() - $started,
            ),
        );
    }
    $self->_debug_msg( $message, 'Response from', 'yellow' )
        if $self->debug_level >= 2;

    # returns tainted data
    return \$message;
}

=head3 C

Closes connection to Kafka server.
Returns true if those operations succeed and if no error was reported by any PerlIO layer.

=cut
sub close {
    my ( $self ) = @_;

    my $ret = 1;
    if ( $self->{socket} ) {
        $ret = CORE::close( $self->{socket} );
        $self->{socket}     = undef;
        $self->{_io_select} = undef;
    }

    return $ret;
}

sub _is_close_wait {
    my ( $self ) = @_;
    return 1 unless $self->{socket} && $self->{_io_select}; # closed already
    # http://stefan.buettcher.org/cs/conn_closed.html
    # socket is open; check if we can read, and if we can but recv() cannot peek, it means we got EOF
    return unless $self->{_io_select}->can_read( 0 ); # we cannot read, but may be able to write
    my $buf = '';
    undef $!;
    my $status = CORE::recv( $self->{socket}, $buf, 1, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_PEEK ); # peek, do not remove data from queue
    # EOF when there is no error, status is defined, but result is empty
    return ! $! && defined $status && length( $buf ) == 0;
}

# The method verifies if we can connect to a Kafka broker.
# This is evil: opens and immediately closes a NEW connection so do not use unless there is a strong reason for it.
sub _is_alive {
    my ( $self ) = @_;

    my $socket = $self->{socket};
    return unless $socket;

    socket( my $tmp_socket, $self->{pf}, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP );
    my $is_alive = connect( $tmp_socket, getpeername( $socket ) );
    CORE::close( $tmp_socket );

    return $is_alive;
}

#-- private attributes ---------------------------------------------------------

#-- private methods ------------------------------------------------------------

# You need to have access to Kafka instance and be able to connect through TCP.
# uses http://devpit.org/wiki/Connect%28%29_with_timeout_%28in_Perl%29
sub _connect {
    my ( $self ) = @_;

    $self->{socket}     = undef;
    $self->{_io_select} = undef;

    my $name    = $self->{host};
    my $port    = $self->{port};
    my $timeout = $self->{timeout};

    my $ip = '';
    if ( $self->_get_family( $name ) ) {
        $ip = $self->{ip} = $name;
    } else {
        if ( defined $timeout ) {
            my $remaining;
            my $start = time();

            $self->_debug_msg( format_message( "name = '%s', number of wallclock seconds = %s", $name, ceil( $timeout ) ) )
                if $self->debug_level;

            # DNS lookup.
            local $@;
            my $h = set_sig_handler( 'ALRM', sub { die 'alarm clock restarted' },
                {
                    mask    => [ 'ALRM' ],
                    safe    => 0,   # perl 5.8+ uses safe signal delivery so we need unsafe signal for timeout to work
                }
            );
            eval {
                $remaining = alarm( ceil( $timeout ) );
                $ip = $self->_gethostbyname( $name );
                alarm 0;
            };
            alarm 0;                                # race condition protection
            my $error = $@;
            undef $h;

            $self->_debug_msg( format_message( "_connect: ip = '%s', error = '%s', \$? = %s, \$! = '%s'", $ip, $error, $?, $! ) )
                if $self->debug_level;

            die $error if $error;
            die( format_message( "gethostbyname %s: \$? = '%s', \$! = '%s'\n", $name, $?, $! ) ) unless $ip;

            my $elapsed = time() - $start;
            # $SIG{ALRM} restored automatically, but we need to restart previous alarm manually

            $self->_debug_msg( format_message( '_connect: %s (remaining) - %s (elapsed) = %s', $remaining, $elapsed, $remaining - $elapsed ) )
                if $self->debug_level;
            if ( $remaining ) {
                if ( $remaining - $elapsed > 0 ) {
                    $self->_debug_msg( '_connect: remaining - elapsed > 0 (to alarm restart)' )
                        if $self->debug_level;
                    alarm( ceil( $remaining - $elapsed ) );
                } else {
                    $self->_debug_msg( '_connect: remaining - elapsed < 0 (to alarm function call)' )
                        if $self->debug_level;
                    # $SIG{ALRM}->();
                    kill ALRM => $$;
                }
                $self->_debug_msg( "_connect: after alarm 'recalled'" )
                    if $self->debug_level;
            }
        } else {
            $ip = $self->_gethostbyname( $name );
            die( format_message( "could not resolve host name to IP address: %s\n", $name ) ) unless $ip;
        }
    }

    # Create socket.
    socket( my $connection, $self->{pf}, SOCK_STREAM, scalar getprotobyname( 'tcp' ) ) or die( "socket: $!\n" );

    # Set autoflushing.
    my $file_handle = select( $connection ); $| = 1; select $file_handle;

    # Set FD_CLOEXEC.
    my $flags = fcntl( $connection, F_GETFL, 0 ) or die "fcntl: $!\n";
    fcntl( $connection, F_SETFL, $flags | FD_CLOEXEC ) or die "fnctl: $!\n";

    $flags = fcntl( $connection, F_GETFL, 0 ) or die "fcntl F_GETFL: $!\n"; # 0 for error, 0e0 for 0.
    fcntl( $connection, F_SETFL, $flags | O_NONBLOCK ) or die "fcntl F_SETFL O_NONBLOCK: $!\n"; # 0 for error, 0e0 for 0.

    # Connect returns immediately because of O_NONBLOCK.
    my $sockaddr = $self->{af} eq AF_INET
        ? pack_sockaddr_in(  $port, inet_aton( $ip ) )
        : pack_sockaddr_in6( $port, inet_pton( $self->{af}, $ip ) )
    ;
    connect( $connection, $sockaddr ) || $!{EINPROGRESS} || die( format_message( "connect ip = %s, port = %s: %s\n", $ip, $port, $! ) );

    # Reset O_NONBLOCK.
    $flags = fcntl( $connection, F_GETFL, 0 ) or die "fcntl F_GETFL: $!\n";  # 0 for error, 0e0 for 0.
    fcntl( $connection, F_SETFL, $flags & ~ O_NONBLOCK ) or die "fcntl F_SETFL not O_NONBLOCK: $!\n";  # 0 for error, 0e0 for 0.

    # Use select() to poll for completion or error. When connect succeeds we can write.
    my $vec = '';
    vec( $vec, fileno( $connection ), 1 ) = 1;
    select( undef, $vec, undef, $timeout // $REQUEST_TIMEOUT );
    unless ( vec( $vec, fileno( $connection ), 1 ) ) {
        # If no response yet, impose our own timeout.
        $! = ETIMEDOUT;
        die( format_message( "connect ip = %s, port = %s: %s\n", $ip, $port, $! ) );
    }

    # This is how we see whether it connected or there was an error. Document Unix, are you kidding?!
    $! = unpack( 'L', getsockopt( $connection, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR ) );
    die( format_message( "connect ip = %s, port = %s: %s\n", $ip, $port, $! ) ) if $!;

    # Set timeout on all reads and writes.
    #
    # Note the difference between Perl's sysread() and read() calls: sysread()
    # queries the kernel exactly once, with max delay specified here. read()
    # queries the kernel repeatedly until there's a read error (such as this
    # timeout), EOF, or a full buffer. So when using read() with a timeout of one
    # second, if the remote server sends 1 byte repeatedly at 1 second intervals,
    # read() will read the whole buffer very slowly and sysread() will return only
    # the first byte. The print() and syswrite() calls are similarly different.
    # <> is of course similar to read() but delimited by newlines instead of buffer
    # sizes.
    my $timeval = _get_timeval( $timeout // $REQUEST_TIMEOUT );
    setsockopt( $connection, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, $timeval ) // die "setsockopt SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO: $!\n";
    setsockopt( $connection, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, $timeval ) // die "setsockopt SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO: $!\n";

    $self->{socket} = $connection;
    my $s = $self->{_io_select} = IO::Select->new;
    $s->add( $self->{socket} );

    return $connection;
}

# Packing timeval
# uses http://trinitum.org/wp/packing-timeval/
sub _get_timeval {
    my $timeout = shift;

    my $intval = int( $timeout );                               # sec
    my $fraction = int( ( $timeout - $intval ) * 1_000_000 );   # ms

    if ( $Config{osname} eq 'netbsd' && _major_osvers() >= 6 && $Config{longsize} == 4 ) {
        if ( defined $Config{use64bitint} ) {
            $timeout = pack( 'QL', int( $timeout ), $fraction );
        } else {
            $timeout = pack(
                'LLL',
                (
                    $Config{byteorder} eq '1234'
                        ? ( $timeout, 0, $fraction )
                        : ( 0, $timeout, $fraction )
                )
            );
        }
    } else {
        $timeout = pack( 'L!L!', $timeout, $fraction );
    }

    return $timeout;
}

sub _major_osvers {
    my $osvers = $Config{osvers};
    my ( $major_osvers ) = $osvers =~ /^(\d+)/;
    $major_osvers += 0;

    return $major_osvers;
}

sub _gethostbyname {
    my ( $self, $name ) = @_;

    my $is_v4_fqdn = 1;
    $self->{ip} = '';

    my $ip_version = $self->{ip_version};
    if ( defined( $ip_version ) && $ip_version == $IP_V6 ) {
        my ( $err, @addrs ) = getaddrinfo(
            $name,
            '',     # not interested in the service name
            {
                family      => AF_INET6,
                socktype    => SOCK_STREAM,
                protocol    => IPPROTO_TCP,
            },
        );
        return( $self->{ip} ) if $err;

        $is_v4_fqdn = 0;
        for my $addr ( @addrs ) {
            my ( $err, $ipaddr ) = getnameinfo( $addr->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV );
            next if $err;

            $self->{af} = AF_INET6;
            $self->{pf} = PF_INET6;
            $self->{ip} = $ipaddr;
            last;
        }
    }

    if ( $is_v4_fqdn && ( !defined( $ip_version ) || $ip_version == $IP_V4 ) ) {
        if ( my $ipaddr = gethostbyname( $name ) ) {
            $self->{ip} = inet_ntop( $self->{af}, $ipaddr );
        }
    }

    return $self->{ip};
}

sub _get_family {
    my ( $self, $name ) = @_;

    my $is_ip;
    my $ip_version = $self->{ip_version} // 0;
    if ( ( ( $is_ip = is_ipv6( $name ) ) && !$ip_version ) || $ip_version == $IP_V6 ) {
        $self->_error( $ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_HOST_IP_VERSION, format_message( 'ip_version = %s, host = %s', $ip_version, $name ) )
            if
                   $ip_version
                && (
                        ( !$is_ip && is_ipv4( $name ) )
                    || ( $is_ip && $ip_version == $IP_V4 )
                )
        ;

        $self->{af} = AF_INET6;
        $self->{pf} = PF_INET6;
    } elsif ( ( ( $is_ip = is_ipv4( $name ) ) && !$ip_version ) || $ip_version == $IP_V4 ) {
        $self->_error( $ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_HOST_IP_VERSION, format_message( 'ip_version = %s, host = %s', $ip_version, $name ) )
            if
                   $ip_version
                && (
                        ( !$is_ip && is_ipv6( $name ) )
                    || ( $is_ip && $ip_version == $IP_V6 )
                )
        ;

        $self->{af} = AF_INET;
        $self->{pf} = PF_INET;
    } elsif ( !$ip_version ) {
        $self->{af} = AF_INET;
        $self->{pf} = PF_INET;
    }

    return $is_ip;
}

# Show additional debugging information
sub _debug_msg {
    my ( $self, $message, $header, $colour ) = @_;

    if ( $header ) {
        unless ( $_hdr ) {
            require Data::HexDump::Range;
            $_hdr = Data::HexDump::Range->new(
                FORMAT                          => 'ANSI',  # 'ANSI'|'ASCII'|'HTML'
                COLOR                           => 'bw',    # 'bw' | 'cycle'
                OFFSET_FORMAT                   => 'hex',   # 'hex' | 'dec'
                DATA_WIDTH                      => 16,      # 16 | 20 | ...
                DISPLAY_RANGE_NAME              => 0,
#                MAXIMUM_RANGE_NAME_SIZE         => 16,
                DISPLAY_COLUMN_NAMES            => 1,
                DISPLAY_RULER                   => 1,
                DISPLAY_OFFSET                  => 1,
#                DISPLAY_CUMULATIVE_OFFSET       => 1,
                DISPLAY_ZERO_SIZE_RANGE_WARNING => 0,
                DISPLAY_ZERO_SIZE_RANGE         => 1,
                DISPLAY_RANGE_NAME              => 0,
#                DISPLAY_RANGE_SIZE              => 1,
                DISPLAY_ASCII_DUMP              => 1,
                DISPLAY_HEX_DUMP                => 1,
#                DISPLAY_DEC_DUMP                => 1,
#                COLOR_NAMES                     => {},
                ORIENTATION                     => 'horizontal',
            );
        }

        say STDERR
            "# $header ", $self->{host}, ':', $self->{port}, "\n",
            '# Hex Stream: ', unpack( 'H*', $message ), "\n",
            $_hdr->dump(
                [
                    [ 'data', length( $message ), $colour ],
                ],
                $message
            )
        ;
    } else {
        say STDERR format_message( '[%s] %s', scalar( localtime ), $message );
    }

    return;
}

# Handler for errors
sub _error {
    my $self = shift;
    my %args = throw_args( @_ );
    $self->_debug_msg( format_message( 'throwing IO error %s: %s', $args{code}, $args{message} ) )
        if $self->debug_level;
    Kafka::Exception::IO->throw( %args );
}



1;

__END__