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package IPC::LeaderBoard; |
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41494
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use strict; |
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use warnings; |
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use Fcntl ':flock'; # import LOCK_* constants |
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use Guard; |
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use IPC::ScoreBoard; |
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use Moo; |
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use Path::Tiny; |
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use namespace::clean; |
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10533
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our $VERSION = '0.04'; |
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my $max_lock_attempts = $ENV{IPC_LEADERBOARD_MAX_SPINLOCK_ATTEMPTS} // 10000; |
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=head1 NAME |
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IPC::LeaderBoard - fast per-symbol online get/update information |
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=head1 VERSION |
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0.02 |
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=head1 STATUS |
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=begin HTML |
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=end HTML |
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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use IPC::LeaderBoard; |
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# in master-process |
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my $master = IPC::LeaderBoard::create( |
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n_slots => 2, # number of symbols |
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slot_shared_size => 4, # number integers per slot, concurrent access |
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slot_private_size => 2, # number integers per slot, non-concurrent access |
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mmaped_file => "/var/run/data/my.scores", # mmaped file |
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); |
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# ... initialize data here |
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# in slave processes |
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my $slave = IPC::LeaderBoard::attach( |
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# exactly the same parameters as for master |
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); |
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my $leader_board = $slave; # or $master, does not matter |
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# get shared and private arrays of integers for the 0-th slot |
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my ($shared, $private) = $leader_board->read_slot(0); |
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59
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# update shared integers with values 1,2,3,4 and 0-th private integer |
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# with value 6 |
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my $success = $leader_board->update(0, [1, 2, 3, 4], 0 => 6, 1 => 8); |
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# $shared = [1, 2, 3, 4], $private = [6, 8] |
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($shared, $private) = $leader_board->read_slot(0); |
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66
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# update just private integer with index 1 with value 2 |
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$leader_board->update(0, 1 => 2); |
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# update just shared values of 0-th slot |
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$success = $leader_board->update(0, [1, 2, 3, 4]); |
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72
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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LeaderBoard uses shared memory IPC to fast set/get integers on arbitrary row, |
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(slot) defined by it's index. |
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There are the following assumptions: |
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=over 2 |
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=item * only one master is present |
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C method dies, if it founds that some other master ownes shared |
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memory (file lock is used for that). |
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=item * master is launched before slaves |
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C dies, if slave finds, that master-owner isn't present, or, |
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if it presents, the masters provider/symbol information isn't actual. |
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In the last case master should be restarted first. |
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92
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=item * there is no hot-deploy mechanism |
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Just restart master/slaves |
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=item * read slot before update it |
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The vesion/generation pattern is used do detect, whether update |
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has been successfull or not. Update failure means, some other |
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C instance updated the slot; you should re-read it |
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and try uptate it again (if the update will be still actual after |
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data refresh) |
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104
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=item * no semantical difference between slave and master |
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106
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Master was introduced to lock leadear board to prevent other masters |
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connect to it and re-initialize (corrupt) data. After attach slave validates, |
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that LeaderBoard is valid (i.e. number of slots, as well as the sizes |
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of private and shared areas match to the declared). |
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111
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Hence, master can be presented only by one instance, while slaves |
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can be presented by multiple instances. |
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114
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=item * slot data organization and consistency |
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116
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A leaderboard is an array of slots of the same size: |
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118
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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| slot 1 | |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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| slot 2 | |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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| ... | |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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| slot N | |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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128
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A slot is addressed by its index. |
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130
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Each slot contains a spin-lock, a shared part, a generation field and a private part like |
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132
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It is supposed, that only leader (independent for each slot) will update the shared part, |
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while other competitors will update only own private parts, i.e.: |
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135
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| | shared part | | private part | |
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| spin | | gene- | process1 | process2 | process3 | |
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| lock | shr1 | shr2 | ... | shrN | ration | p1 | p2 | ... | pN | p1 | p2 | ... | pN | p1 | p2 | ... | pN | |
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139
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All values (shrX and pX) in the leaderboard are integer numbers. Only the current leader updates |
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the shared part, and does that in safe manner (i.e. protected by spin-lock and generation). Each process can |
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update its own private part of a slot. |
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143
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Read or write for integer values (shr1, p1, ..) read/write B is guaranteed |
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by L, which in the final, uses special CPU-instructions for that. |
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The SpinLock pattern guarantees the safety of shared part update, i.e. in |
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the case of two or more concurrent write request, they will be done in |
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sequential manner. |
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150
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The Generation pattern guarantees that you update the most recent values |
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in the shared part of the slot, i.e. if some process updated shared |
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part of the slot, between slot read and update operations of the |
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current process, than, the update request of the current process |
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would fail. You have re-read the slot, and try to update it again, but |
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after re-read the update might be not required. |
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157
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Both SpinLock and Generation patterns guarantee, that you'll never |
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can made inconsistent C, or updating non-actual data. |
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160
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In the same time, you might end up with the inconsistent C |
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of the shared data: the individual values (integer) are consistent (atomic), |
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but you they might belong to the different generations. There is an assumption |
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in the C design, that it is B: would you try to update |
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the shared data, the C will fail, hence, no any harm will occur. If |
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you need to handle that, just check return value C. |
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167
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There are no any guarantees for slot private data; but it isn't needed. |
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The shared data should store information about leader, hence when a |
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new leader arrives, it updates the information; or the current leader update |
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it's information on the LeaderBoard in the appropriate slot. No data loss might |
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occur. |
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When competitor (i.e. some process) updates private data, nobody else |
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can update it (i.e. you shouldn't write progam such a way, that one |
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process-competitor updates data of the other process-competitor), hence, |
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private data cannot be corrupted if used properly. |
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The private data might be inconsistent on read (e.g. competitor1 reads |
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private data of competitor2, while it is half-updated by competitor2); |
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but that shoudl be B. If it is |
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significant, use shared memory for that, re-design your approach (e.g |
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use additional slots) or use some other module. |
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184
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=back |
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186
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The update process should be rather simple: C |
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and then start all together. C / C should be wrappend into |
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C (or C & friends), to repeat seveal attempts with some delay. |
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The C method might fail, (i.e. it does not returns true), when it detects, |
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that somebody else already has changed an row. It is assumed that no any harm |
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in it. If needed the row can be refreshed (re-read), and the next update |
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might be successfull. |
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It is assumed, that if C returs outdated data and the C decision |
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has been taken, than update will silently fail (return false), without any |
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loud exceptions; so, the next read-update cycle might be successful, but |
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probably, the updated values are already correct, so, no immediate update |
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would occur. |
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201
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=for Pod::Coverage BUILD DEMOLISH attach create mmaped_file n_slots read_slot slot_private_size slot_shared_size |
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203
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=cut |
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205
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has mmaped_file => ( |
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is => 'ro', |
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required => 1 |
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); |
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has n_slots => ( |
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is => 'ro', |
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required => 1 |
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); |
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215
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has slot_shared_size => ( |
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is => 'ro', |
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required => 1 |
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); |
219
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220
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has slot_private_size => ( |
221
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is => 'ro', |
222
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required => 1 |
223
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); |
224
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225
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has _mode => ( |
226
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is => 'ro', |
227
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required => 1 |
228
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); |
229
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230
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has _score_board => (is => 'rw'); |
231
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has _fd => (is => 'rw'); |
232
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has _generation_idx => (is => 'rw'); |
233
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has _last_generation => (is => 'rw'); |
234
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has _last_idx => ( |
235
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is => 'rw', |
236
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default => sub { -1 }); |
237
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238
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sub BUILD { |
239
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12
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12
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0
|
138
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my $self = shift; |
240
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12
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35
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my $mode = $self->_mode; |
241
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12
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50
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56
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die("unknown mode '$mode'") unless $mode =~ /(slave)|(master)/; |
242
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243
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# construct ids (number, actually the order) for all symbols |
244
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# and providers. Should be sorted to guaranttee the same |
245
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# ids in different proccess |
246
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# There is an assumption, that processes, using LeaderBoard, should |
247
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# restarte in case of symbols/providers change. |
248
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249
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12
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31
|
my $filename = $self->mmaped_file; |
250
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12
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50
|
66
|
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213
|
if (!(-e $filename) && ($mode eq 'slave')) { |
251
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0
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0
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die("LeaderBoard ($filename) is abandoned, cannot attach to it (file not exists)"); |
252
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} |
253
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254
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12
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48
|
my $scoreboard_path = path($filename); |
255
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12
|
100
|
|
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|
555
|
$scoreboard_path->touch if !-e $filename; |
256
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12
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338
|
my $fd = $scoreboard_path->filehandle('<'); |
257
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258
|
12
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|
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|
|
1094
|
my $score_board; |
259
|
12
|
100
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34
|
if ($mode eq 'slave') { |
260
|
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|
# die, if slave was able to lock it, that means, that master |
261
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|
|
# didn't accquired the exclusive lock, i.e. no master |
262
|
7
|
100
|
|
|
|
36
|
flock($fd, LOCK_SH | LOCK_NB) |
263
|
|
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|
|
&& die("LeaderBoard ($filename) is abandoned, cannot attach to it (shared lock obtained)"); |
264
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
681
|
my ($sb, $nslots, $slotsize) = IPC::ScoreBoard->open($filename); |
265
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# just additional check, that providers/symbols information is actual |
266
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
1290
|
my $declared_size = $self->slot_shared_size + $self->slot_private_size + 2; |
267
|
6
|
50
|
|
|
|
24
|
die("number of slots mismatch") unless $nslots == $self->n_slots; |
268
|
6
|
50
|
|
|
|
16
|
die("slot size mismatch") unless $slotsize == $declared_size; |
269
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
24
|
$score_board = $sb; |
270
|
|
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|
|
} else { |
271
|
|
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|
|
|
|
# die if we can't lock it, that means, another master-process |
272
|
|
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|
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|
|
# already acquired it |
273
|
5
|
100
|
|
|
|
22
|
flock($fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) |
274
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|| die("LeaderBoard ($filename) is owned by some other process, cannot lock it exclusively"); |
275
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# we use the addtitional fields: for spinlock and generation |
276
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
651
|
my $declared_size = $self->slot_shared_size + $self->slot_private_size + 2; |
277
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
46
|
$score_board = IPC::ScoreBoard->named($filename, $self->n_slots, $declared_size, 0); |
278
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
1434
|
$self->_fd($fd); |
279
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
280
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
42
|
$self->_generation_idx($self->slot_shared_size + 1); # [spin_lock | shared_data | generation | private_data ] |
281
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
32
|
$self->_score_board($score_board); |
282
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
118
|
return; |
283
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
284
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
285
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub DEMOLISH { |
286
|
12
|
|
|
12
|
0
|
8182
|
my $self = shift; |
287
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# actually we need that only for tests |
288
|
12
|
100
|
|
|
|
55
|
if ($self->_mode eq 'master') { |
289
|
5
|
100
|
|
|
|
36
|
flock($self->_fd, LOCK_UN) if ($self->_fd); |
290
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
291
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
775
|
return; |
292
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
293
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub attach { |
295
|
7
|
|
|
7
|
0
|
908
|
return IPC::LeaderBoard->new({ |
296
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_mode => 'slave', |
297
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@_, |
298
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}); |
299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub create { |
302
|
5
|
|
|
5
|
0
|
20107
|
return IPC::LeaderBoard->new({ |
303
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_mode => 'master', |
304
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@_, |
305
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}); |
306
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
307
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# our use-case implies, that if we read a bit outdated data, this is OK, because |
309
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# the generation field will be outdated, hence, no update would occur |
310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub read_slot { |
311
|
12
|
|
|
12
|
0
|
1488
|
my ($self, $idx) = @_; |
312
|
12
|
100
|
100
|
|
|
99
|
die("wrong index") if ($idx >= $self->n_slots) || $idx < 0; |
313
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
314
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
61
|
my @all_values = $self->_score_board->get_all($idx); |
315
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# drop spinlock and generation |
316
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
36
|
my $generation = splice @all_values, $self->_generation_idx, 1; |
317
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
splice @all_values, 0, 1; |
318
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# record generation + index for further possible update |
320
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
26
|
$self->_last_idx($idx); |
321
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
26
|
$self->_last_generation($generation); |
322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
323
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# separate shared and private data |
324
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
my $shared_size = $self->slot_shared_size; |
325
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
my @shared_values = @all_values[0 .. $shared_size - 1]; |
326
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
39
|
my @private_values = @all_values[$shared_size .. $shared_size + $self->slot_private_size - 1]; |
327
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
328
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
84
|
return \@shared_values, \@private_values; |
329
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub update { |
332
|
12
|
|
|
12
|
1
|
4167
|
my ($self, $idx, @rest) = @_; |
333
|
12
|
100
|
66
|
|
|
71
|
my $values = (@rest && ref($rest[0]) eq 'ARRAY') ? shift(@rest) : undef; |
334
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
my %private_values = @rest; |
335
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
my $operation_result = 0; |
336
|
12
|
100
|
100
|
|
|
77
|
die("wrong index") if ($idx >= $self->n_slots) || $idx < 0; |
337
|
10
|
50
|
|
|
|
39
|
die("update for only last read index is allowed") if $idx != $self->_last_idx; |
338
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
339
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
my $sb = $self->_score_board; |
340
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
341
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# updating shared values |
342
|
10
|
100
|
|
|
|
24
|
if ($values) { |
343
|
7
|
100
|
|
|
|
35
|
die("values size mismatch slot size") if @$values != $self->slot_shared_size; |
344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# obtain spin-lock |
346
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
my $attempts = 0; |
347
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
30
|
while ($sb->incr($idx, 0) != 1) { |
348
|
10001
|
|
|
|
|
24596
|
$sb->decr($idx, 0); |
349
|
10001
|
100
|
|
|
|
31877
|
if (++$attempts > $max_lock_attempts) { |
350
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
39
|
warn("failed to acquire spin lock for row $idx after $attempts attempts"); |
351
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
return 0; |
352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
353
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
354
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# release the lock at the end of the scope |
355
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
25
|
scope_guard { $sb->decr($idx, 0) }; |
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# now we hold the record, nobody else can update it. |
358
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Atomically read generation value via increment it to zero. |
359
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The simple $sb->get(...) cannot be used, because it does not guarantees |
360
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# atomicity, i.e. slot re-write is possible due to L1/L2 caches in CPU |
361
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
my $actual_generation = $sb->incr($idx, $self->_generation_idx, 0); |
362
|
4
|
100
|
|
|
|
20
|
if ($actual_generation == $self->_last_generation) { |
363
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# now we are sure, that nobody else updated the record since our last read |
364
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# so we can safely update it |
365
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
366
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# +1 because the 1st field is spinlock |
367
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
17
|
$sb->set($idx, $_ + 1, $values->[$_]) for (0 .. @$values - 1); |
368
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# increment the generation field |
369
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
$sb->incr($idx, $self->_generation_idx); |
370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# success |
371
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
$operation_result = 1; |
372
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
374
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# updating private values |
376
|
7
|
100
|
|
|
|
25
|
if (%private_values) { |
377
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
my $idx_delta = $self->_generation_idx + 1; |
378
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
17
|
for my $private_idx (keys %private_values) { |
379
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
my $value = $private_values{$private_idx}; |
380
|
7
|
100
|
100
|
|
|
45
|
if (($private_idx >= $self->slot_private_size) || ($private_idx < 0)) { |
381
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
die("wrong private index"); |
382
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
383
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
$sb->set($idx, $private_idx + $idx_delta, $value); |
384
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
385
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
386
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
387
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
28
|
return $operation_result; |
388
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
389
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
390
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR |
391
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
binary.com, C<< >> |
393
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 BUGS |
395
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please report any bugs or feature requests to |
397
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. |
398
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1; |