File Coverage

blib/lib/Chemistry/Elements.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	139	140	99.2
branch	72	72	100.0
condition			n/a
subroutine	32	32	100.0
pod	8	8	100.0
total	251	252	99.6

use v5.10;

package Chemistry::Elements;

use strict;
use warnings;
use utf8;
no warnings;

use Carp qw(croak carp);
use Scalar::Util qw(blessed);

use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD
             $debug %names %elements $maximum_Z
             %names_to_Z $Default_language %Languages
            );

use Exporter qw(import);

@EXPORT_OK = qw(get_Z get_symbol get_name);
@EXPORT    = qw();
$VERSION   = '1.072';

use subs qw(
	_get_name_by_Z
	_get_symbol_by_Z
	_get_name_by_symbol
	_get_Z_by_symbol
	_get_symbol_by_name
	_get_Z_by_name
	_is_Z
	_is_name
	_is_symbol
	_format_name
	_format_symbol
	);

BEGIN {
my @class_methods  = qw(can isa);
my @object_methods = qw(new Z name symbol can);
my %class_methods  = map { $_, 1 } @class_methods;
my %object_methods = map { $_, 1 } @object_methods;

sub can {
	my $thingy = shift;
	my @methods = @_;

	my $method_hash = blessed $thingy ? \%object_methods : \%class_methods ;

	foreach my $method ( @methods ) {
		return unless exists $method_hash->{ $method };
		}

	return 1;
	}

sub _add_object_method { # everyone gets it
	$object_methods{ $_[1] } = 1;
	}
}

$debug = 0;

%Languages = (
	'Pig Latin' => 0,
	'English'   => 1,
	'Japanese' => 2,
	);

$Default_language = $Languages{'English'};

# http://www.ptable.com/?lang=ja
%names = (
  1 => [ qw( Ydrogenhai      Hydrogen      水素) ],
  2 => [ qw( Eliumhai        Helium        ヘリウム) ],
  3 => [ qw( Ithiumlai       Lithium       リチウム) ],
  4 => [ qw( Erylliumbai     Beryllium     ベリリウム) ],
  5 => [ qw( Oronbai         Boron         ホウ素) ],
  6 => [ qw( Arboncai        Carbon        炭素) ],
  7 => [ qw( Itrogennai      Nitrogen      窒素) ],
  8 => [ qw( Xygenoai        Oxygen        酸素) ],
  9 => [ qw( Luorinefai      Fluorine      フッ素) ],
 10 => [ qw( Eonnai          Neon          ネオン) ],
 11 => [ qw( Odiumsai        Sodium        ナトリウム) ],
 12 => [ qw( Agnesiummai     Magnesium     マグネシウム) ],
 13 => [ qw( Luminiumaai     Aluminium     アルミニウム) ],
 14 => [ qw( Iliconsai       Silicon       ケイ素) ],
 15 => [ qw( Hosphoruspai    Phosphorus    リン) ],
 16 => [ qw( Ulfursai        Sulfur        硫黄) ],
 17 => [ qw( Hlorinecai      Chlorine      塩素) ],
 18 => [ qw( Rgonaai         Argon         アルゴン) ],
 19 => [ qw( Otassiumpai     Potassium     カリウム) ],
 20 => [ qw( Alciumcai       Calcium       カルシウム) ],
 21 => [ qw( Candiumsai      Scandium      スカンジウム) ],
 22 => [ qw( Itaniumtai      Titanium      チタン) ],
 23 => [ qw( Anadiumvai      Vanadium      バナジウム) ],
 24 => [ qw( Hromiumcai      Chromium      クロム) ],
 25 => [ qw( Anganesemai     Manganese     マンガン) ],
 26 => [ qw( Roniai          Iron          鉄) ],
 27 => [ qw( Obaltcai        Cobalt        コバルト) ],
 28 => [ qw( Ickelnai        Nickel        ニッケル) ],
 29 => [ qw( Oppercai        Copper        銅) ],
 30 => [ qw( Inczai          Zinc          亜鉛) ],
 31 => [ qw( Alliumgai       Gallium       ガリウム) ],
 32 => [ qw( Ermaniumgai     Germanium     ゲルマニウム) ],
 33 => [ qw( Rsenicaai       Arsenic       ヒ素) ],
 34 => [ qw( Eleniumsai      Selenium      セレン) ],
 35 => [ qw( Rominebai       Bromine       臭素) ],
 36 => [ qw( Ryptonkai       Krypton       クリプトン) ],
 37 => [ qw( Ubidiumrai      Rubidium      ルビジウム) ],
 38 => [ qw( Trontiumsai     Strontium     ストロンチウム) ],
 39 => [ qw( Ttriumyai       Yttrium       イットリウム) ],
 40 => [ qw( Irconiumzai     Zirconium     ジルコニウム) ],
 41 => [ qw( Iobiumnai       Niobium       ニオブ) ],
 42 => [ qw( Olybdenummai    Molybdenum    モリブデン) ],
 43 => [ qw( Echnetiumtai    Technetium    テクネチウム) ],
 44 => [ qw( Utheniumrai     Ruthenium     ルテニウム) ],
 45 => [ qw( Hodiumrai       Rhodium       ロジウム) ],
 46 => [ qw( Alladiumpai     Palladium     パラジウム) ],
 47 => [ qw( Ilversai        Silver        銀) ],
 48 => [ qw( Admiumcai       Cadmium       カドミウム) ],
 49 => [ qw( Ndiumiai        Indium        インジウム) ],
 50 => [ qw( Intai           Tin           スズ) ],
 51 => [ qw( Ntimonyaai      Antimony      アンチモン) ],
 52 => [ qw( Elluriumtai     Tellurium     テルル) ],
 53 => [ qw( Odineiai        Iodine        ヨウ素) ],
 54 => [ qw( Enonxai         Xenon         キセノン) ],
 55 => [ qw( Esiumcai        Cesium        セシウム) ],
 56 => [ qw( Ariumbai        Barium        バリウム) ],
 57 => [ qw( Anthanumlai     Lanthanum     ランタン) ],
 58 => [ qw( Eriumcai        Cerium        セリウム) ],
 59 => [ qw( Raesodymiumpai  Praseodymium  プラセオジム) ],
 60 => [ qw( Eodymiumnai     Neodymium     ネオジム) ],
 61 => [ qw( Romethiumpai    Promethium    プロメチウム) ],
 62 => [ qw( Amariumsai      Samarium      サマリウム) ],
 63 => [ qw( Uropiumeai      Europium      ユウロピウム) ],
 64 => [ qw( Adoliniumgai    Gadolinium    ガドリニウム) ],
 65 => [ qw( Erbiumtai       Terbium       テルビウム) ],
 66 => [ qw( Ysprosiumdai    Dysprosium    ジスプロシウム) ],
 67 => [ qw( Olmiumhai       Holmium       ホルミウム) ],
 68 => [ qw( Rbiumeai        Erbium        エルビウム) ],
 69 => [ qw( Huliumtai       Thulium       ツリウム) ],
 70 => [ qw( Tterbiumyai     Ytterbium     イッテルビウム) ],
 71 => [ qw( Utetiumlai      Lutetium      ルテチウム) ],
 72 => [ qw( Afniumhai       Hafnium       ハフニウム) ],
 73 => [ qw( Antalumtai      Tantalum      タンタル) ],
 74 => [ qw( Ungstentai      Tungsten      タングステン) ],
 75 => [ qw( Heniumrai       Rhenium       レニウム) ],
 76 => [ qw( Smiumoai        Osmium        オスミウム) ],
 77 => [ qw( Ridiumiai       Iridium       イリジウム) ],
 78 => [ qw( Latinumpai      Platinum      白金) ],
 79 => [ qw( Oldgai          Gold          金) ],
 80 => [ qw( Ercurymai       Mercury       水銀) ],
 81 => [ qw( Halliumtai      Thallium      タリウム) ],
 82 => [ qw( Eadlai          Lead          鉛) ],
 83 => [ qw( Ismuthbai       Bismuth       ビスマス) ],
 84 => [ qw( Oloniumpai      Polonium      ポロニウム) ],
 85 => [ qw( Statineaai      Astatine      アスタチン) ],
 86 => [ qw( Adonrai         Radon         ラドン) ],
 87 => [ qw( Ranciumfai      Francium      フランシウム) ],
 88 => [ qw( Adiumrai        Radium        ラジウム) ],
 89 => [ qw( Ctiniumaai      Actinium      アクチニウム) ],
 90 => [ qw( Horiumtai       Thorium       トリウム) ],
 91 => [ qw( Rotactiniumpai  Protactinium  プロトアクチニウム) ],
 92 => [ qw( Raniumuai       Uranium       ウラン) ],
 93 => [ qw( Eptuniumnai     Neptunium     ネプツニウム) ],
 94 => [ qw( Lutoniumpai     Plutonium     プルトニウム) ],
 95 => [ qw( Mericiumaai     Americium     アメリシウム) ],
 96 => [ qw( Uriumcai        Curium        キュリウム) ],
 97 => [ qw( Erkeliumbai     Berkelium     バークリウム) ],
 98 => [ qw( Aliforniumcai   Californium   カリホルニウム) ],
 99 => [ qw( Insteiniumeai   Einsteinium   アインスタイニウム) ],
100 => [ qw( Ermiumfai       Fermium       フェルミウム) ],
101 => [ qw( Endeleviummai   Mendelevium   メンデレビウム) ],
102 => [ qw( Obeliumnai      Nobelium      ノーベリウム) ],
103 => [ qw( Awerenciumlai   Lawrencium    ローレンシウム) ],
104 => [ qw( Utherfordiumrai Rutherfordium ラザホージウム) ],
105 => [ qw( Ubniumdai       Dubnium       ドブニウム) ],
106 => [ qw( Eaborgiumsai    Seaborgium    シーボーギウム) ],
107 => [ qw( Ohriumbai       Bohrium       ボーリウム) ],
108 => [ qw( Assiumhai       Hassium       ハッシウム) ],
109 => [ qw( Eitneriummai    Meitnerium    マイトネリウム) ],
110 => [ qw( Armstadtiumdai  Darmstadtium  ダームスタチウム) ],
111 => [ qw( Oentgeniumrai   Roentgenium   レントゲニウム) ],
112 => [ qw( Operniciumcai   Copernicium   コペルニシウム) ],
113 => [ qw( Ihoniumnai      Nihonium      ニホニウム) ],
114 => [ qw( Leroviumfai     Flerovium     フレロビウム) ],
115 => [ qw( Oscoviummai     Moscovium     モスコビウム) ],
116 => [ qw( Ivermoriumlai   Livermorium   リバモリウム) ],
117 => [ qw( Ennessinetai    Tennessine    テネシン) ],
118 => [ qw( Ganessonoai     Oganesson     オガネソン) ],
);

{
# There might be duplicates keys here, but it should never come out
# with the wrong Z
our %names_to_Z = ();
foreach my $Z ( keys %names ) {
	my @names = map { lc } @{ $names{$Z} };
#	print STDERR "Got names [@names] for $Z\n";
	@names_to_Z{@names} = ($Z) x @names;
	}

#print STDERR Dumper( \%names_to_symbol ); use Data::Dumper;
}

{
my @a = sort {$a <=> $b } keys %names;
$maximum_Z = pop @a;
}

my %elements = map { state $n = 0; $n++; $_ => $n, $n => $_ } qw(
H                                                                                            He
Li Be                                                                          B  C  N  O  F Ne
Na Mg                                                                         Al Si  P  S Cl Ar
K  Ca                                           Sc Ti  V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr                                            Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te  I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W  Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U  Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Ha Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
);

sub new {
	my( $class, $data, $language ) = @_;

	my $self = {};
	bless $self, $class;

	if(    _is_Z      $data ) { $self->Z($data) }
	elsif( _is_symbol $data ) { $self->symbol($data) }
	elsif( _is_name   $data ) { $self->name($data) }
	else                      { return }

	return $self;
	}

sub Z {
	my $self = shift;

	return $self->{'Z'} unless @_;
	my $data = shift;

	unless( _is_Z $data ) {
		$self->error('$data is not a valid proton number');
		return;
		}

	$self->{'Z'}      = $data;
	$self->{'name'}   = _get_name_by_Z $data;
	$self->{'symbol'} = _get_symbol_by_Z $data;

	return $data;
	}

sub name {
	my $self = shift;

	return $self->{'name'} unless @_;
	my $data = shift;

	unless( _is_name $data ) {
		$self->error('$data is not a valid element name');
		return;
		}

	$self->{'name'}   = _format_name $data;
	$self->{'Z'}      = _get_Z_by_name $data;
	$self->{'symbol'} = _get_symbol_by_Z($self->Z);

	return $data;
	}

sub symbol {
	my $self = shift;

	return $self->{'symbol'} unless @_;
	my $data = shift;

	unless( _is_symbol $data ) {
		$self->error('$data is not a valid element symbol');
		return;
		}

	$self->{'symbol'} = _format_symbol $data;
	$self->{'Z'}      = _get_Z_by_symbol $data;
	$self->{'name'}   = _get_name_by_Z $self->Z;

	return $data;
	}

sub get_symbol {
	my $thingy = shift;

	#since we were asked for a name, we'll suppose that we were passed
	#either a chemical symbol or a Z.
	return _get_symbol_by_Z($thingy)      if _is_Z $thingy;
	return _get_symbol_by_name($thingy)   if _is_name $thingy;

	#maybe it's already a symbol...
	return _format_symbol $thingy if _is_symbol $thingy;

	#we were passed something wierd.  pretend we don't know anything.
	return;
	}

sub _get_symbol_by_name {
	my $name = lc shift;

	return unless _is_name $name;

	my $Z = $names_to_Z{$name};

	$elements{$Z};
	}

sub _get_symbol_by_Z {
	return unless _is_Z $_[0];

	return $elements{$_[0]};
	}

sub get_name {
	my $thingy   = shift;
	my $language = defined $_[0] ? $_[0] : $Default_language;

	#since we were asked for a name, we'll suppose that we were passed
	#either a chemical symbol or a Z.
	return _get_name_by_symbol( $thingy, $language ) if _is_symbol $thingy;
	return _get_name_by_Z(      $thingy, $language ) if _is_Z $thingy;

	#maybe it's already a name, might have to translate it
	if( _is_name $thingy )
		{
		my $Z = _get_Z_by_name( $thingy );
		return _get_name_by_Z( $Z, $language );
		}

	#we were passed something wierd.  pretend we don't know anything.
	return;
	}


sub _get_name_by_symbol {
	my $symbol   = shift;

	return unless _is_symbol $symbol;

	my $language = defined $_[0] ? $_[0] : $Default_language;

	my $Z = _get_Z_by_symbol($symbol);

	return _get_name_by_Z( $Z, $language );
	}

sub _get_name_by_Z {
	my $Z        = shift;
	my $language = defined $_[0] ? $_[0] : $Default_language;

	return unless _is_Z $Z;

	#not much we can do if they don't pass a proper number
	# XXX: check for language?
	return $names{$Z}[$language];
	}

sub get_Z {
	my $thingy = shift;

	croak "Can't call get_Z on object. Use Z instead" if ref $thingy;

	#since we were asked for a name, we'll suppose that we were passed
	#either a chemical symbol or a Z.
	return _get_Z_by_symbol( $thingy ) if _is_symbol( $thingy );
	return _get_Z_by_name( $thingy )   if _is_name( $thingy );

	#maybe it's already a Z
	return $thingy                     if _is_Z( $thingy );

	return;
	}

# gets the proton number for the name, no matter which language it
# is in
sub _get_Z_by_name {
	my $name = lc shift;

	$names_to_Z{$name}; # language agnostic
	}

sub _get_Z_by_symbol {
	my $symbol = _format_symbol( shift );

	return $elements{$symbol} if exists $elements{$symbol};

	return;
	}

########################################################################
########################################################################
#
# the _is_* functions do some minimal data checking to help other
# functions guess what sort of input they received

########################################################################
sub _is_name { exists $names_to_Z{ lc shift } ? 1 : 0	}

########################################################################
sub _is_symbol {
	my $symbol = _format_symbol( $_[0] );

	exists $elements{$symbol} ? 1 : ();
	}

########################################################################
sub _is_Z { $_[0] =~ /^[123456789]\d*\z/ && exists $elements{$_[0]}  }

########################################################################
# _format_symbol
#
# input: a string that is supoosedly a chemical symbol
# output: the string with the first character in uppercase and the
#  rest lowercase
#
# there is no data checking involved.  this function doens't know
# and doesn't care if the data are valid.  it just does its thing.
sub _format_symbol { $_[0] =~ m/^[a-z]/i && ucfirst lc $_[0] }

########################################################################
# _format_name
#
# input: a string that is supoosedly a chemical element's name
# output: the string with the first character in uppercase and the
#  rest lowercase
#
# there is no data checking involved.  this function doens't know
# and doesn't care if the data are valid.  it just does its thing.
#
# this looks like _format_symbol, but it logically isn't.  someday
# it might do something different than _format_symbol
sub _format_name {
	my $data = shift;

	$data =~ s/^(.)(.*)/uc($1).lc($2)/e;

	return $data;
	}

########################################################################
sub AUTOLOAD {
	my $self = shift;
	my $data = shift;

	return unless ref $self;

	my $method_name = $AUTOLOAD;

	$method_name =~ s/.*:://;

	if( $data )
		{ # only add new method if they add data
	   	$self->{$method_name} = $data;
	   	$self->_add_object_method( $method_name );
	   	}
	elsif( defined $self->{$method_name} ) { return $self->{$method_name}  }
	else                                   { return }

	}

1;

__END__